Embodiments of the invention are directed to methods, processes, and systems for safely and reliably purifying hydrogen from a gas mixture containing hydrogen and oxygen.

An absorbent for the selective removal of hydrogen sulfide over carbon dioxide from a fluid stream, wherein the absorbent contains an aqueous solution, comprising an amine of formula (I) and/or an amine of formula (II) wherein UVW is CHOCHR.sup.5, NCOCHR.sup.5 or NCONR.sup.5; UVW is COCR.sup.5; R.sup.1 is independently C.sub.1-C.sub.5-alkyl; R.sup.2 is selected from hydrogen and C.sub.1-C.sub.5-alkyl; R.sup.3 is independently selected from hydrogen and C.sub.1-C.sub.5-alkyl; R.sup.4 is independently selected from hydrogen and C.sub.1-C.sub.5-alkyl; R.sup.5 is selected from hydrogen, C.sub.1-C.sub.5-alkyl, (C.sub.1-C.sub.5-alkoxy)-C.sub.1-C.sub.5-alkyl, and hydroxy-C.sub.1-C.sub.5-alkyl; and x is an integer from 1 to 10. The absorbent has a reduced tendency for phase separation at temperatures falling within the usual range of regeneration temperatures for the aqueous amine mixtures and a low volatility in aqueous solvents.

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An absorption column including at least one external heat exchange circuit for cooling or heating the absorption liquid, including one or more serially connected heat exchangers, wherein the junction of the pipeline for withdrawal of the absorption liquid from the column is disposed above the junction of the pipeline into the first heat exchanger in the flow direction, wherein the pipeline also includes a dumped bed

Solvent absorption processes for separating components of an impure feed gas are disclosed. The processes involve two stages of gas purification. The acid gases including hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide and other sulfur compounds are simultaneously removed from the feed gas by contact with a physical solvent in two stages. The subject matter disclosed provides improved processes to reduce the operating costs of the system.

The invention includes a gas processing system for transforming a hydrocarbon-containing inflow gas into outflow gas products, where the system includes a gas delivery subsystem, a plasma reaction chamber, and a microwave subsystem, with the gas delivery subsystem in fluid communication with the plasma reaction chamber, so that the gas delivery subsystem directs the hydrocarbon-containing inflow gas into the plasma reaction chamber, and the microwave subsystem directs microwave energy into the plasma reaction chamber to energize the hydrocarbon-containing inflow gas, thereby forming a plasma in the plasma reaction chamber, which plasma effects the transformation of a hydrocarbon in the hydrocarbon-containing inflow gas into the outflow gas products, which comprise acetylene and hydrogen. The invention also includes methods for the use of the gas processing system.

The invention relates to a process and a plant for removal of acidic gas constituents from synthesis gas by absorption in a physical scrubbing medium. A first scrubbing medium laden with at least carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2) is supplied to a decompression vessel for depressurization from a first absorption apparatus via a first feed conduit. Furthermore, a second scrubbing medium laden with at least carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2) is supplied to the decompression vessel for depressurization from a second absorption apparatus via a second feed conduit. The carbon dioxide concentration in the first laden scrubbing medium is higher than the carbon dioxide concentration in the second laden scrubbing medium. According to the invention it is provided that an at least partial commixing of the first and the second laden scrubbing medium is effected in the decompression vessel, wherein the commixing and depressurization affords a partially regenerated scrubbing medium and the first feed conduit and the second feed conduit are arranged such that carbon dioxide desorbed from the first laden scrubbing medium by the depressurization is at least partially absorbed by the second laden scrubbing medium.

The invention includes a gas processing system for transforming a hydrocarbon-containing inflow gas into outflow gas products, where the system includes a gas delivery subsystem, a plasma reaction chamber, and a microwave subsystem, with the gas delivery subsystem in fluid communication with the plasma reaction chamber, so that the gas delivery subsystem directs the hydrocarbon-containing inflow gas into the plasma reaction chamber, and the microwave subsystem directs microwave energy into the plasma reaction chamber to energize the hydrocarbon-containing inflow gas, thereby forming a plasma in the plasma reaction chamber, which plasma effects the transformation of a hydrocarbon in the hydrocarbon-containing inflow gas into the outflow gas products, which comprise acetylene and hydrogen. The invention also includes methods for the use of the gas processing system.

The invention includes a gas processing system for transforming a hydrocarbon-containing inflow gas into outflow gas products, where the system includes a gas delivery subsystem, a plasma reaction chamber, and a microwave subsystem, with the gas delivery subsystem in fluid communication with the plasma reaction chamber, so that the gas delivery subsystem directs the hydrocarbon-containing inflow gas into the plasma reaction chamber, and the microwave subsystem directs microwave energy into the plasma reaction chamber to energize the hydrocarbon-containing inflow gas, thereby forming a plasma in the plasma reaction chamber, which plasma effects the transformation of a hydrocarbon in the hydrocarbon-containing inflow gas into the outflow gas products, which comprise acetylene and hydrogen. The invention also includes methods for the use of the gas processing system.

The embodiment provides an acidic gas absorbent. The acidic gas absorbent comprises an amine compound of the formula (1) and a cyclic amino compound of the formula (2) or (3):

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[In the formulas, each R.sup.1 is independently a straight-chain hydroxyalkyl having a hydroxy at the terminal; R.sup.2 is a branched-chain secondary alkyl group; R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are hydrogen, hydroxy, a hydroxyalkyl or aminoalkyl, provided that at least one of R.sup.3 and R.sup.4s is a hydroxyalkyl or aminoalkyl; each p is independently an integer of 2 to 4; each R.sup.5 is independently hydrogen, hydroxy, or a hydroxyalkyl or aminoalkyl, provided that at least one of R.sup.5s is a hydroxyalkyl or aminoalkyl; and q is an integer of 3 to 8.]

The acidic gas removal method and apparatus according to the embodiment uses the above acidic gas absorbent.

A separation apparatus 10 includes a pretreatment section 20 that subjects a target fluid containing an olefin compound to at least one or more of a treatment for reducing an acetylene-based compound, a treatment for reducing a sulfur compound, and a treatment for reducing a fine particle component. In the pretreatment section 20, one or more treatments selected from a hydrotreating and an adsorption treatment with an adsorbent may be performed as the treatment for reducing the acetylene-based compound, one or more treatments selected from a washing and absorption treatment, an adsorption treatment with an adsorbent, and a hydrodesulfurization treatment may be performed as the treatment for reducing the sulfur compound, and one or more treatments selected from a liquid absorption treatment, a collection treatment, or a filtration treatment with a filter may be performed as the treatment for reducing the fine particle component.