Some embodiments of the present livestock structures comprise a floor, wherein the floor is configured to support livestock housing; a roof, wherein a majority of the roof is substantially parallel to the floor; and one or more supporting structures configured to support the roof; in some embodiments, the floor comprises a non-zero slope. Some embodiments of the present livestock structures comprise a passageway extending a majority of a distance between a first side and an opposing second side of the structure, wherein the passageway is positioned at an elevation that is below an elevation of the floor.

Provided are products of manufacture and methods for the removal of gaseous methane and carbon dioxide, for example, for the removal of environmental or atmospheric or anthropogenically produced gaseous methane and carbon dioxide. Products of manufacture as provided herein comprise living emission abolish filters (LEAFs) for the removal of methane and carbon dioxide, where the “living” component of the “emission abolish filter”, or biofilter, comprises a methane-capturing bioagent, optionally comprising halophilic methanotroph bacterium. Products of manufacture as provided herein are manufactured as arrays, sheets, microfibers and/or microbeads comprising immobilized living, active methane-capturing bioagents, optionally comprising halophilic methanotroph bacterium. In alternative embodiments, the methane-capturing bioagents are enclosed or immobilized in or onto a crystal gel matrix or a nanoshell. Products of manufacture as provided herein can replace gas flares, flare stacks or a gas combustion devices, or are used with a methane scrubbing system.

Provided here are adsorbent compositions containing polyvinyl alcohol-bonded pellets of zeolite templated carbon. Also provided here are methods of producing adsorbent compositions by forming an aqueous mixture containing a binder, water, and zeolite-templated carbon; subjecting the aqueous mixture to a drying process to remove the water and form a dry mixture of the binder and the zeolite-templated carbon, and compacting the dry mixture of the binder and the zeolite-templated carbon to form the binder-bonded pellets of the zeolite templated carbon.

A pressure swing adsorption process is provided to remove oxygen from a hydrogen stream through the use of a copper material in combination with layers of adsorbent to remove water, C2 and C3 hydrocarbons, as well as other impurities. The feed gas comprises more than 70 mol % hydrogen, at least 1 mol % methane and more than 10 ppmv oxygen. The purified product hydrogen stream comprises greater than 99 mol % hydrogen, with less than 1 ppmv oxygen.

The present invention provides a method for catalytic oxidation of alkanes, where the catalyst comprises a photoactive material that is activated when the catalyst is irradiated with UV light. In particular, the method is for the catalytic oxidation of a C1-C5 alkane using an oxidation catalyst comprising a photoactive material, said method comprising the steps of a) activating the photoactive material by irradiating the catalyst with UV light and b) contacting the activated catalyst with a gaseous feedstream comprising an amount of C1-C5 alkane at a temperature of from 150° C. to 600° C.

The present invention provides a chemically stable catalyst for methane removal that exhibits excellent methane removal performance. The catalyst material for methane removal 30 of the invention includes a carrier 32 made of alumina and a catalyst 34 made of at least one of palladium and palladium oxide and carried directly on the carrier 32. With an exhaust gas purification catalyst test piece using this catalyst material for methane removal 30, a 50% methane removal temperature, which is an environmental temperature at which a methane removal rate reaches 50%, is not more than 347° C., based on the methane removal rate at 25° C. Furthermore, a specific surface area of the carrier 32 is preferably not more than 80 m.sup.2/g.

Biodegradation media placed in, around, and/or above a methane source reduces the quantum of methane and other alkane gases such as ethane, propane, and butane released into the atmosphere under diverse and fluctuating environmental conditions over a sustainable and/or extended duration. Non-biodegradable material configured for methane biodegradation possesses enhanced drainage of precipitation, improved gas transmission and gas exchange, moisture retention, and a nutrient sustainability.

Processes and systems for recovering hydrogen may include feeding a gas stream, comprising hydrogen and additional gases, to a pressure swing adsorption (PSA) system and feeding a membrane permeate stream comprising hydrogen to the PSA system. In the PSA system, a portion of the hydrogen may be separated from the additional gases to recover a hydrogen product stream and a PSA tail gas stream comprising unseparated hydrogen and the additional gases. The PSA tail gas stream may be fed to a membrane separation unit for separating hydrogen from the additional gases and to recover (i) the membrane permeate stream comprising hydrogen fed to the PSA system and (ii) a membrane tail gas stream comprising the additional gases. Embodiments herein may additionally include a refrigeration system for partially condensing one or both of the feed gas stream and the PSA tail gas stream, enhancing the efficiency of the membrane separation unit.

A reactor for oxidizing low concentrations of methane in air or other oxidizable fluid mixtures using a porous heat exchanger and a non-porous heat exchanger and an activation zone that allows the oxidation of very weak streams of methane in air or of other oxidizable fluid mixtures.

An adsorption process is provided to remove oxygen from a hydrogen stream through the use of a copper material in combination with layers of adsorbent to remove water and nitrogen from a hydrogen stream. This process is particularly useful for purification of hydrogen product gas from water electrolyzers with the hydrogen product gas having greater than 99.9 mol % purity.