A temperature swing adsorption apparatuses and process is disclosed comprising passing a feed stream to a first adsorption bed to adsorb one or more contaminants from the feed stream to produce a product stream. A regeneration gas separator overhead stream is passed to a second adsorption bed to provide a second adsorption bed effluent stream. The second adsorption bed effluent stream is passed to a heater to generate a hot regeneration effluent stream. The hot regeneration effluent stream is passed to a third adsorption bed to regenerate the third adsorption bed and provide a regeneration effluent stream. At least a portion of the regeneration effluent stream is passed to a guard bed to remove sulfur and oxygen compounds to provide a treated regeneration effluent stream. The treated regeneration effluent stream is passed to a regeneration gas separator to provide the regeneration gas separator overhead stream.

In some embodiments, a multistage scrubber that includes a plurality of stages, each stage comprising one or more scrubbing modules having adsorbents configured to adsorb and remove molecules from a flowing mixture of gas traversing the multi-stage scrubber is disclosed. The sorbents may be used in repeatable adsorption-regeneration swing cycles including concentration swing adsorption (CSA) cycle, temperature swing adsorption (TSA) cycle and pressure swing adsorption (PSA) cycle.

A method for separating gaseous carbon dioxide from a mixture by cyclic adsorption/desorption using a unit containing an adsorber structure with sorbent material, wherein the method comprises the following steps: (a) contacting said mixture with the sorbent material to allow said gaseous carbon dioxide to adsorb under ambient conditions; (b) evacuating said unit to a pressure in the range of 20-400 mbar.sub.abs and heating said sorbent material to a temperature in the range of 80-130 C.; and (c) re-pressurization of the unit to ambient atmospheric pressure conditions and actively cooling the sorbent material to a temperature larger or equal to ambient temperature; wherein in step (b) steam is injected into the unit to flow-through and contact the sorbent material under saturated steam conditions, and wherein the molar ratio of steam that is injected to the gaseous carbon dioxide released is less than 20:1.

A combustion system and process of operating the combustion system incorporating an electrostatic precipitator, an optional flue gas desulfurizer, and a temperature swing adsorptive gas separator, for post-combustion emission abatement is provided. A very low pressure steam stream may be employed as a first regeneration stream for the temperature swing adsorptive gas separator where the very low pressure steam stream may optionally be recovered from, a very low pressure steam turbine or an auxiliary boiler. A fluid stream at a suitable temperature for regeneration of at least one adsorbent material in the temperature swing adsorptive gas separator may be employed as a second regeneration stream where the fluid stream may optionally be recovered from an electrostatic precipitator, an oxidant preheater, or an auxiliary heater.

An integrated fuel combustion system with gas separation (adsorptive, absorptive, membrane or other suitable gas separation) separates a portion of carbon dioxide from a combustion gas mixture and provides for recycle of separated carbon dioxide to the intake of a fuel combustor for combustion. A process for carbon dioxide separation and recycle includes: admitting combustion gas to an adsorptive gas separation system contactor containing adsorbent material; adsorbing a portion of carbon dioxide; recovering a first product stream depleted in carbon dioxide for release or use; desorbing carbon dioxide from the adsorbent material and recovering a desorbed second product stream enriched in carbon dioxide for sequestration or use; admitting a conditioning and/or desorption fluid into the contactor and desorbing a second portion of carbon dioxide to recover a carbon dioxide enriched conditioning stream; and recycling a portion of the carbon dioxide enriched conditioning stream to an inlet of fuel combustor to pass through the fuel combustor for combustion.

A three-product PSA system which produces three product streams from a feed gas mixture comprising a light key component, at least one heavy key component, and at least one intermediate key component is described. The three-product PSA system produces a high pressure product stream enriched in the light key component, a low pressure tail gas stream enriched in the at least one heavy key component, and an intermediate pressure vent gas stream enriched in the at least one intermediate key component.

An integrated fuel combustion system with gas separation (adsorptive, absorptive, membrane or other suitable gas separation) separates a portion of carbon dioxide from a combustion gas mixture and provides for recycle of separated carbon dioxide to the intake of a fuel combustor for combustion. A process for carbon dioxide separation and recycle includes: admitting combustion gas to an adsorptive gas separation system contactor containing adsorbent material; adsorbing a portion of carbon dioxide; recovering a first product stream depleted in carbon dioxide for release or use; desorbing carbon dioxide from the adsorbent material and recovering a desorbed second product stream enriched in carbon dioxide for sequestration or use; admitting a conditioning and/or desorption fluid into the contactor and desorbing a second portion of carbon dioxide to recover a carbon dioxide enriched conditioning stream; and recycling a portion of the carbon dioxide enriched conditioning stream to an inlet of fuel combustor to pass through the fuel combustor for combustion.

A three-product PSA system which produces three product streams from a feed gas mixture comprising a light key component, at least one heavy key component, and at least one intermediate key component is described. The three-product PSA system produces a high pressure product stream enriched in the light key component, a low pressure tail gas stream enriched in the at least one heavy key component, and an intermediate pressure vent gas stream enriched in the at least one intermediate key component.

A carbon dioxide recovery apparatus has: a separator that separates carbon dioxide from a gas and discharges a residual gas from which carbon dioxide has been removed; a dryer having a hygroscopic agent for drying the gas to be supplied to the separator; and a regeneration system which supplies the residual gas to the dryer as a regeneration gas for regenerating the hygroscopic agent in the dryer. The separator utilizes adsorption/desorption of carbon dioxide to an adsorbent caused by pressure fluctuation. A supplement system supplies a supplement gas from an outside to the residual gas depending on a flow rate of the residual gas discharged from the separator such that a flow rate of the regeneration gas is a predetermined rate.

A system and method of reducing the net carbon dioxide footprint of an industrial process that generates power from the combustion of hydrocarbon fuels in which ambient air is admixed with up to 50% by volume of an effluent gas from the power generator of the industrial process, in order to substantially increase the CO.sub.2 concentration in the air prior to treatment. The treatment comprises adsorbing CO.sub.2 from the admixed ambient air utilizing a cooled, porous substrate-supported amine adsorbent, wherein the porous substrate initially contacts the mixed ambient air containing condensed water in its pores, which act as an intrinsic coolant with respect to the exothermic heat generated by the adsorption process. In addition, prior to regenerating the supported adsorbent, air pressure is substantially reduced in the sealed regeneration chamber and the low pressure chamber is placed in fluid connection with a higher pressure regeneration chamber containing steam and carbon dioxide, to preheat the sorbent to be regenerated and to quickly cool the regenerated sorbent prior to use for further CO.sub.2 adsorption.