A selective catalytic reduction including a decomposition section including an intake chamber, with a swirl generating plate disposed in an internal volume of the intake chamber. The swirl generating plate includes a curved sidewall, a first end defining an opening, and a second end. The curved sidewall is oriented substantially normal to the direction of an intake flow of exhaust gas and a convex surface of the curved sidewall is oriented to face the direction of the intake flow. The swirl generating plate is configured to divide the intake flow into a first flow portion flowing through the opening, a second and a third flow portion which are directed substantially normal to the direction of intake flow and the flow direction of the first flow portion, and in opposite directions to each other towards a backwall of the intake chamber so as to create opposing swirls.

A mixer and a method therein, including feeding a rotating flow of exhaust gas in a mixing pipe towards a turning end of a mixing chamber; dosing reactant by a doser against the rotating flow around a centreline of the mixing pipe; maintaining a guide around the doser such that a front face of the guide faces the rotating flow, and the guide defines a central opening surrounding the doser; guiding a side flow out of the rotating flow to a carrier flow around the doser via the central opening; and inhibiting by the guide turbulence from being transferred from the side flow to the carrier flow.

The present invention is a composting bioreactor system that continually receives biodegradable solid wastes, waste waters and exhaust gases, automatically recycles the biodegradable wastes into nutrients and heat energy, and automatically supplies the nutrients and heat into an integrated hydroponic or aquaponic system. This invention together with integrated food growing system may be installed onsite such as balconies, backyards and premises of restaurants and food factories etc. therefore may lead to zero mileage targets both for recycling wastes and for supplying foods. This invention integrates composting process and aquaponic technology together and may establish a closed-loop recirculation of both water and gases therefore upgrades aquaponics into compoponics. A compoponic system has both soil and soilless growing beds and mimics nature recirculating nutrients, carbon and energy among human being, animals, microorganisms and plants by way of photosynthesis, slow burning by cellular respiration and burning by combustion.

An exhaust-gas treatment module for an exhaust system of an internal combustion engine has a plurality of elements which follow one another in an exhaust-gas flow direction. The elements include a first mixing path with a first reactant dispensing arrangement in an upstream end region of the first mixing path and with a first mixing channel which is elongate in the direction of a first mixing path longitudinal axis. A first exhaust-gas treatment arrangement follows and is elongate in the direction of a first exhaust-gas treatment arrangement longitudinal axis and has an upstream end region connected to a downstream end region of the first mixing path, a second mixing path with a second reactant dispensing arrangement in an upstream end region which is connected to a downstream end region of the first exhaust-gas treatment arrangement.

A mixer assembly for a vehicle exhaust system includes a mixer shell defining an internal cavity and an inlet reactor positioned within the internal cavity. The inlet reactor has a fluid inlet, a first exhaust gas inlet, and a second exhaust gas inlet. An inlet baffle is mounted to an upstream end of the mixer shell. The inlet baffle includes a first opening that directs exhaust gas into the first exhaust gas inlet, a scoop that directs exhaust gas into the second exhaust gas inlet, and a plurality of bypass openings that direct exhaust gas to bypass entry into the inlet reactor.

A decomposition tube for an exhaust treatment system includes a housing with a housing wall that defines an exhaust flow path for exhaust; a reductant delivery mechanism coupled to the housing and having a nozzle configured to deliver a spray of reductant into the exhaust flow path; and a mesh device with a mounting element mounted on the housing wall and a mesh basket secured to the mounting element proximate to the nozzle to enclose and intercept the spray such that effectively all of the reductant passes through the mesh basket and into the exhaust flow path prior to impinging on the housing wall.

An exhaust aftertreatment system for an internal combustion engine includes an outer casing defining an exhaust flow path for exhaust gases from the internal combustion engine, a selective catalytic reduction unit provided in the exhaust flow path for reducing nitrogen oxides, a urea dosing device for adding urea to the exhaust flow upstream of the selective catalytic reduction unit, and a rotatable mixer device for mixing the urea with exhaust gases upstream of the selective catalytic reduction unit. The exhaust aftertreatment system further comprises an air inlet valve provided upstream of the mixer device for introducing air into the exhaust flow path, and an electric motor arranged for rotating the mixer device to create a suction of air into the exhaust flow path via the air inlet valve.

A swirl mixer for mixing a reducing agent with exhaust gas in a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) aftertreatment system is described. The swirl mixer may comprise a base permitting a flow of the reducing agent and the exhaust gas therethrough, and three arrays of fins projecting from the base in a direction of flow of the exhaust gas. The three arrays of fins may be arranged in a triangular configuration about a center of the mixer to induce a swirl motion to the reducing agent and the exhaust gas flowing through the mixer. The fins in each of the arrays may be oriented in a common direction that is rotated by about 60° from the common direction of the fins in an adjacent array.

A dual mixer for mixing a reducing agent with exhaust gas in a mixing section of a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) aftertreatment system is disclosed. The dual mixer may comprise a first mixer including a grid and a plurality of trapezoidal fins projecting from the grid in a direction of flow of the exhaust gas. The dual mixer may further comprise a swirl mixer positioned downstream of the first mixer and separated therefrom by a distance. The swirl mixer may include a base and three arrays of swirl fins projecting from the base in the direction of flow of the exhaust gas. The swirl fins in each of the arrays may be oriented in a common direction that is rotated by about 60° from the common direction of the swirl fins in an adjacent array.

A mixing assembly for an exhaust aftertreatment system includes: a mixing body including upstream and downstream mixing body openings, the upstream mixing body opening configured to receive exhaust gas; an upstream plate coupled to the mixing body, the upstream plate including a plurality of upstream plate openings, each of the plurality of upstream plate openings configured to receive a flow percentage that is less than 50% of a total flow of the exhaust gas; a downstream plate coupled to the mixing body downstream from the upstream plate in a direction of exhaust gas flow, the downstream plate including a downstream plate opening; and a swirl plate positioned between the upstream plate and the downstream plate and defining a swirl collection region and a swirl concentration region, the swirl collection region positioned over the plurality of upstream plate openings and the swirl collection region positioned over the downstream plate opening.