A crop defence composition comprising a metal complex and a derivative of C.sub.12-C.sub.24 fatty acid, as well as a process for preparing the same and uses for protecting crop against fungi, oomycetes and bacteria, are disclosed.

Architectural structures including an inorganic material carrier including cement and particles or fibers of a glass including a plurality of Cu.sup.1+ ions. In aspects, the glass may have a glass phase and a cuprite phase. In aspects, the glasses may include a plurality of Cu.sup.1+ ions, a degradable phase including B.sub.2O.sub.3, P.sub.2O.sub.5 and K.sub.2O and a durable phase including SiO.sub.2. In other aspects, the glass can have a plurality of Cu.sup.1+ ions disposed on the surface of the glass and in the glass network and/or the glass matrix. The glasses and articles disclosed herein can exhibit a 2 log reduction or greater in a concentration of at least one of Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacter aerogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria, Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and E. coli, under the EPA Test Method for Efficacy of Copper Alloy as a Sanitizer testing condition and under Modified JIS Z 2801 for Bacteria testing conditions.

Architectural structures including an inorganic material carrier including cement and particles or fibers of a glass including a plurality of Cu.sup.1+ ions. In aspects, the glass may have a glass phase and a cuprite phase. In aspects, the glasses may include a plurality of Cu.sup.1+ ions, a degradable phase including B.sub.2O.sub.3, P.sub.2O.sub.5 and K.sub.2O and a durable phase including SiO.sub.2. In other aspects, the glass can have a plurality of Cu.sup.1+ ions disposed on the surface of the glass and in the glass network and/or the glass matrix. The glasses and articles disclosed herein can exhibit a 2 log reduction or greater in a concentration of at least one of Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacter aerogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria, Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and E. coli, under the EPA Test Method for Efficacy of Copper Alloy as a Sanitizer testing condition and under Modified JIS Z 2801 for Bacteria testing conditions.

Architectural structures including an inorganic material carrier including cement and particles or fibers of a glass including a plurality of Cu.sup.1+ ions. In aspects, the glass may have a glass phase and a cuprite phase. In aspects, the glasses may include a plurality of Cu.sup.1+ ions, a degradable phase including B.sub.2O.sub.3, P.sub.2O.sub.5 and K.sub.2O and a durable phase including SiO.sub.2. In other aspects, the glass can have a plurality of Cu.sup.1+ ions disposed on the surface of the glass and in the glass network and/or the glass matrix. The glasses and articles disclosed herein can exhibit a 2 log reduction or greater in a concentration of at least one of Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacter aerogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria, Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and E. coli, under the EPA Test Method for Efficacy of Copper Alloy as a Sanitizer testing condition and under Modified JIS Z 2801 for Bacteria testing conditions.

A substrate with a pathogen inhibiting treatment. The substrate comprising a first coating of an inorganic material. The inorganic material being applied to the substrate via a vapour deposition process. A second coating applied at an upper surface of the first coating, and wherein the second coating is at least one of a protective coating for the first coating and a functional coating.

A substrate with a pathogen inhibiting treatment. The substrate comprising a first coating of an inorganic material. The inorganic material being applied to the substrate via a vapour deposition process. A second coating applied at an upper surface of the first coating, and wherein the second coating is at least one of a protective coating for the first coating and a functional coating.

A substrate with a pathogen inhibiting treatment. The substrate comprising a first coating of an inorganic material. The inorganic material being applied to the substrate via a vapour deposition process. A second coating applied at an upper surface of the first coating, and wherein the second coating is at least one of a protective coating for the first coating and a functional coating.

Provided are a superatomic material, as well as a sol, a preparation method therefor, and application thereof. The superatomic material comprises a carrier and superatoms doped in the carrier, the superatoms being one or more of silver, copper, zinc superatoms and rare earth element superatoms, the scale of superatoms being 100-3000 pm, and the carrier being an inorganic carrier. The superatomic material and the sol have superior antimicrobial and antiviral properties, have a long service life, and are environmentally friendly.

Provided are a superatomic material, as well as a sol, a preparation method therefor, and application thereof. The superatomic material comprises a carrier and superatoms doped in the carrier, the superatoms being one or more of silver, copper, zinc superatoms and rare earth element superatoms, the scale of superatoms being 100-3000 pm, and the carrier being an inorganic carrier. The superatomic material and the sol have superior antimicrobial and antiviral properties, have a long service life, and are environmentally friendly.

Polymer or polymer inks are used for reducing or eliminating harmful chemicals by offering a neutralizing chemical in the path of movement of the harmful chemicals. A neutralizing chemical responsive to the harmful chemical produces a harmless chemical as an output that is in the path of the harmful chemical and is opposite phase with the neutralizing chemical, preferably by 180 degrees, or is at least opposite in chemical compatibility to some extent. The neutralizing chemical can be suspended or combined with an inert carrier and preferably attenuates the harmful chemical concentration. The polymer ink can be applied to a media such as paper, (embossed or extruded) or polymer the same as paper but also in foam (open cell preferred) in order to obtain a decrease in the concentration of harmful gases. These forms can be utilized in air or liquid applications.