A beverage carbonating device includes a carbon dioxide production unit and a pressure container. The carbon dioxide production unit produces carbon dioxide gas by mixing at least two reactants. The pressure container stores the produced carbon dioxide gas in a pressurized gaseous state. As a detachable module, the pressure container is sealingly detachable from the carbon dioxide production unit. Accordingly, the carbon dioxide gas is stored and sealed in the pressure container when detached from the carbon dioxide production unit. Further, a beverage vessel is used with the beverage carbonating device.

Fixed systems and method for extinguishing large scale industrial tank fires, with and without fixed roofs, and featuring aerated foam projecting nozzles and including fixed center directed nozzles.

A refrigerator includes a carbonated water tank in which carbonated water is stored; a water level sensor sensing a water level of carbonated water stored in the carbonated water tank; a water tank supplying filtered water to the carbonated water tank; a carbon dioxide cylinder supplying carbon dioxide to the carbonated water tank; and a controller, if the water level of carbonated water sensed by the water level sensor is less than or equal to a predetermined minimum water level, supplying the filtered water to the carbonated water tank, and if supply of the filtered water is completed, supplying the carbon dioxide to the carbonated water tank so as to produce the carbonated water. If the carbonated water is discharged, the controller controls the water level sensor to sense the water lever of the carbonated water stored in the carbonated water tank.

A refrigerator appliance includes a beverage reservoir disposed within a chilled chamber of a cabinet. A conduit extends between a carbon dioxide source and the beverage reservoir. A controller is configured for activating the carbon dioxide source such that the carbon dioxide source directs carbon dioxide into the beverage reservoir via the conduit when liquid is dispensed from the beverage reservoir.

Disclosed herein is a carbonated water producing apparatus which guides a replacement of a cylinder using sound generated when carbon dioxide is supplied from the cylinder, and a refrigerator having the same. In accordance with one aspect of the present disclosure, a carbonated water producing apparatus comprising: a carbonated water producing unit including a cylinder configured to store carbon dioxide and configured to supply the carbon dioxide to a container; a microphone configured to obtain sound generated in the carbonated water producing unit; a filter configured to pass a signal having a frequency of a predetermined cutoff frequency or more of signals obtained by the microphone; a user interface unit configured to display information related to carbonated water production; and a controller configured to obtain the sound generated in the carbonated water producing unit by driving the microphone when the carbonated water producing unit operates, and configured to display a message which requests that the cylinder which stores the carbon dioxide be replaced on the user interface unit when an intensity of a signal passing through the filter is less than a predetermined reference value.

In a method of carbonating a beverage using a carbon dioxide diffusing stone, temperature is measured in a flow of that beverage immediately before the flow changes from laminar to effervescent, thereby obtaining a true temperature at which carbon dioxide is diffused into the beverage. In another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a portable controller having connectors joinable to a gas pressure regulator of a gas cylinder and to any one of several beverage carbonation containers. The portable controller has instruments therein for controlling a flow of carbon dioxide gas to the beverage in any one of the containers and for controlling a pressure gradient of the carbon dioxide gas in the beverage over a period of time. There is also provided an elongated carbon dioxide diffusing stone assembly having an elongated temperature probe well extending parallel to and immediately below a diffusing stone.

A variable pressure device to solubilize carbon dioxide (CO2) in a beverage includes: a carbonation tank, a CO2 inlet valve and a venting valve attached to the tank's top part; a discharge valve attached to the tank's bottom part; a booster pump arranged immediately after the discharge valve; a recycling valve arranged immediately after the booster pump, which is connected to a recycling inlet at the top part of the tank; an outlet between the pump and the recycling valve; a level sensor arranged on the lid of the tank; a CO2 diversion valve attached to a tank side near its top part; a modulating valve arranged after the CO2 diversion valve; a Venturi attached immediately after the modulating valve; a control point arranged between the modulating valve and the Venturi; and a beverage inlet valve into the tank attached immediately after the Venturi, which is formed by a pipeline.

An apparatus is disclosed including: a housing including a conduit having an inlet port and an outlet port; an insert at least partially disposed within the conduit and including a tapered portion extending from a narrower end proximal the inlet port to a wider end distal the inlet port; and a facility for adjusting the position of the insert within the conduit. In some embodiments, the apparatus is configured to receive a mixed flow of liquid and gas at the inlet port, direct the mixed flow through the conduit around a portion of the insert disposed within the chamber, and outlet the mixed flow at the outlet port.

Provided is a gas dissolving device capable of dissolving gas in a liquid in a supersaturated state and maintaining such a saturated state in a stable manner, and being easily attached to a water server or the like.

The gas dissolving device generates hydrogen water by dissolving hydrogen in water, and discharges the hydrogen water from an outlet. The gas dissolving device includes a dissolving chamber that stores under pressure generated hydrogen water introduced therein, and pressure reduction and transfer means for preventing pressure variation in a tube-shaped passage that connects the dissolving tank and the outlet due to an action of discharging the hydrogen water from the outlet, and for forming a laminar flow.

Fixed systems and method for extinguishing large scale industrial tank fires, with and without fixed roofs, and featuring aerated foam projecting nozzles and including fixed center directed nozzles. The invention includes two connected nozzles, which project aerated foam of between in substantially focused streams and in roughly opposing directions. The two nozzles have a stream shaper in a tip portion of the nozzle with fins which terminate substantially flush with a nozzle tip solid bore discharge orifice. The two nozzles preferably are attached proximally downstream of and in fluid communication with at least one ambient air aeration chamber structure in combination with the two nozzles to produce aerated foam. A third nozzle of the fixed system is structured to discharge in a direction of within 30 of a perpendicular to the discharge axis defined by the two nozzles discharging in the roughly opposing directions.