The invention includes components and methodology for fixed and semi-fixed systems for extinguishing fire in large industrial flammable liquid storage tanks, including aerated foam projecting nozzles discharging substantially focused streams together with aeration chambers and risers and the formation of wand heads and wands. Specifically, the invention includes a nozzle having a tip portion, the tip portion having a stream shaper, and the stream shaper having at least four fins with a longitudinal dimension in the tip portion greater than a radial dimension in the tip portion.

Fixed systems and method for extinguishing large scale industrial tank fires, with and without fixed roofs, and featuring aerated foam projecting nozzles and including fixed center directed nozzles.

Disclosed herein is a refrigerator and a control method thereof. The refrigerator includes a purified water tank to store water, a flow sensor to detect an amount of water supplied to the purified water tank, a purified water supply valve to open/close a purified water supply flow path to guide water stored in the purified water tank to the carbonated water tank, a carbonated water discharge valve to open/close a carbonated water discharge flow path to guide the carbonated water to the outside of the refrigerator, and a controller to detect a position where water leakage occurs by sequentially opening the purified water supply valve and the carbonated water discharge valve in a water leakage mode.

Carbonation duct (1) for blending a gas and a beverage. The carbonation duct (1) includes a tubular structure (12) surrounding a compression structure (13), the compression structure (13) longitudinally positioned inside the tubular structure (12) and setting a pathway (14) for the flowing of the beverage along the carbonation duct (1). The compression structure (13) includes external diameters (P,C,G) sequentially defining a convergence path (8), a mixture path (19) and a slowdown path (20) along the carbonation duct (1), wherein, in the convergence path (8), the carbonation duct (1) includes a gas entry portion (9) for gas injection in the pathway (14), and the tubular structure (12) defines a turbilionating projection (10) establishing a carbonation duct (1) mixture diameter (F).

Various systems, devices, and methods of selectively releasing carbon dioxide from a gas source in a carbonation system are provided. A carbonation system is one example of a treatment system to which the systems, devices, and methods described herein apply. In some embodiments, a motor of a carbonation system is configured to drive a cam in a first drive motion that moves the cam to push on a pin of a gas source. The cam pushing on the gas source's pin causes the gas source to open and thereby release gas. The motor is configured to drive the cam in a second drive motion that moves the cam back to its initial position, which removes force on the pin so that the pin can return to its initial position. The gas source thus closes such that gas cannot be released from the gas source until the cam moves again.

Various systems, devices, and methods of venting a chamber in a beverage carbonation system are provided. A carbonation system is one example of a treatment system to which the systems, devices, and methods described herein apply. In general, a carbonation system can include a venting system configured to vent a mixing chamber of the carbonation system in which a carbonated fluid is configured to be formed. The venting system can be configured to provide flow restriction configured to provide a restriction on a vent flow path through which the mixing chamber is vented.

A system and method is described for providing different levels of carbonated water on demand. The system includes a pressurized chamber to hold at least one of water and carbonated water, a gas canister to dispense carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2) into the pressurized chamber, a controller to control the dispensing of the CO.sub.2 according to level of carbonation required and a valve to vent excess gas from the pressurized chamber after carbonation.

This disclosure is related to a refrigerator and a method of controlling the same. The refrigerator includes a dispenser passage, a water supplier for supplying sterilizing water or rinsing water to the dispenser passage, a drain for draining the sterilizing water or the rinsing water that is supplied to the dispenser passage, and a controller for performing a sterilization cycle and controlling the water supplier and the drain to perform a rinsing cycle after completing the sterilization cycle, wherein the sterilization cycle is a cycle of keeping the sterilizing water in the dispenser passage and then draining the sterilizing water, and the rinsing cycle is a cycle of supplying the rinsing water to the dispenser passage and draining the rinsing water therefrom.

A system and method of controlling a concentration of one or more gases dissolved in a beverage is disclosed. The system includes a saturation tank having a gas head space, a brite tank, and a beverage supply system to pass the beverage between the saturation tank and the brite tank. A beverage supersaturated with the gas from the head space is formed in the saturation tank. The supersaturated beverage is passed from the saturation tank to the brite tank. Once the amount of gas added to the beverage exceeds saturation, some of the gas escapes from solution from the beverage and the pressure in the brite tank increases. Once the pressure within the brite tank reaches a pre-defined pressure, a pump supplying the beverage to the saturation tank is shut-off and the inlet and outlet valves of the brite tank are closed.

The present disclosure provides fluids, such as a distilled spirit, comprising at least about 25 ppm of an infused gas. Systems and methods for producing such gas-infused fluids are also provided.