Provided are a cleaning method and cleaning device for cleaning with micro/nano-bubbles, with which a simple method of spraying a treatment solution containing micro/nano-bubbles onto a substrate to be processed makes it possible to efficiently and reliably peel off residual resist or remove contaminants from the substrate, while reducing an environmental load. This cleaning method is characterized in that, with respect to a substrate to be treated to which a resist film has adhered onto the substrate or a substrate to be treated to which the surface thereof has been contaminated with a metal or metal compounds, the resist film is peeled off or the metals or metal compounds are removed by spraying onto the substrate to be treated a treatment solution containing gaseous micro/nano-bubbles and having a temperature maintained at 30 C. to 90 C., the mean particle size of the micro/nano-bubbles when measured by an ice embedding method using a cryo-transmission electron microscope being 100 nm or smaller, preferably 30 nm or smaller, and also preferably the density of such bubbles being 10.sup.8 or more bubbles per 1 mL.

The invention relates to apparatus and a process for mixing a gas/vapour with a process liquid comprising a material and a carrier liquid. The apparatus comprises a passage (10) having an inlet (14), an outlet (16) for a process liquid comprising the material, and an inlet (24) for introducing supersonic steam at a mixing zone (42). The profile of the mixing zone (42) can be varied to optimise mixing.

A jet-mixer for a fluid mixing system includes a housing including a mixer port formed in an inner surface of the housing, and a rotor rotatably disposed in the housing, the rotor including a rotor blade, wherein the rotor includes a first angular position in the housing restricting fluid flow through the mixer port, and a second angular position allowing fluid flow through the mixer port, wherein, in response to rotation of the rotor in the housing, the jet-mixer is configured to inject a first fluid jet through the mixer port into the passage of the fluid conduit that has a pulsed velocity profile.

Provided are a cleaning method and cleaning device for cleaning with micro/nano-bubbles, with which a simple method of spraying a treatment solution containing micro/nano-bubbles onto a substrate to be processed makes it possible to efficiently and reliably peel off residual resist or remove contaminants from the substrate, while reducing an environmental load.

This cleaning method is characterized in that, with respect to a substrate to be treated to which a resist film has adhered onto the substrate or a substrate to be treated to which the surface thereof has been contaminated with a metal or metal compounds, the resist film is peeled off or the metals or metal compounds are removed by spraying onto the substrate to be treated a treatment solution containing gaseous micro/nano-bubbles and having a temperature maintained at 30 C. to 90 C., the mean particle size of the micro/nano-bubbles when measured by an ice embedding method using a cryo-transmission electron microscope being 100 nm or smaller, preferably 30 nm or smaller, and also preferably the density of such bubbles being 10.sup.8 or more bubbles per 1 mL.

A fine-bubble mixed liquid producing apparatus 1 includes a reservoir 4 and a bubble feeding means 6 for feeding bubbles to a liquid L stored in the reservoir 4, wherein the bubble feeding means 6 includes a rotary cylinder 20 having an emitting part 22 on the outer circumferential surface, the emitting part 22 for being rotationally driven by a drive means 10, a circulating means 40 for drawing out the liquid L stored in the reservoir 4 and feeding the liquid L from the emitting part 22 to the reservoir 4, and a gas-liquid mixing part 50 for mixing bubbles with the liquid L circulated by the circulating means 40. This apparatus enables a fine-bubble mixed liquid to be efficiently produced.

A fluid handling apparatus for ejecting fluid into a tank and draining fluid from the tank comprises: a fluid duct for draining/supplying fluid from/to the tank, the fluid duct configured for fluid communication with a tank opening at a tank bottom; a fluid inlet pipe for supplying fluid to the tank, the fluid inlet pipe extending at least partly through the fluid duct and configured to extend through the tank opening into the tank; a rotary fluid ejection device in fluid communication with the fluid inlet pipe; and a rotary drive shaft extending at least partly inside the fluid inlet pipe, the rotary drive shaft being rotatably connected to the rotary fluid ejection device. Also disclosed is a fluid tank system comprising a tank and a fluid handling apparatus, and a method for mixing beer or wort with solid hops material in a tank by a fluid handling apparatus.

A system comprising a mixer with a rotary head fitted with a nozzle for ejecting liquid into a container. At least one drive member rotates the rotary head such that liquid is ejected into the container in a predetermined pattern. A processing unit is configured to receive first and second operation parameters that are representative of mixing of a liquid content of the container respectively cleaning of an inner surface of the container. The processing unit then controls the drive member in response to the operation parameters such that mixing respectively cleaning is effected. A related method and a computer-readable medium are also described.

A device for slurrying a suspension and a method for operating such a device are disclosed. In an embodiment a device includes a mixing container with an inlet opening configured to introduce the suspension into the mixing container a distributor element having a collecting container and an outlet arm fastened to the collecting container and a shaft with a longitudinal axis, wherein the shaft and the distributor element are arranged inside the mixing container, wherein the distributor element is mounted so as to be freely rotatable around the shaft, wherein the collecting container comprises a collecting opening configured to pass the suspension from the inlet opening into the distributor element, wherein the outlet arm comprises an outflow opening configured to let the suspension leave the distributor element, and wherein the outlet arm is designed such that the suspension is able to flow out of the distributor element starting from the collecting container via the outlet arm and the outflow opening, a flow of the suspension causing a torque on the distributor element so that the torque supports a rotation around the shaft.

Biomass feedstocks (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) are processed to produce useful products, such as fuels. For example, systems are described that can convert feedstock materials to a sugar solution, which can then be fermented to produce ethanol. Biomass feedstock is saccharified in a vessel by operation of a jet mixer, the vessel also containing a fluid medium and a saccharifying agent.

The disclosure relates to an apparatus, system, and methodology for treating nested waste matter, including a delivery system for delivering a volume of untreated material; a confined container having an inlet connected to the delivery system; an energy impingement device introduced transversely into said confined container, where the energy impingement device is configured to deliver a volume of injected fluid and further configured to treat the volume of untreated material in said confined container and wherein the confined container has an outlet for exiting a volume of treated material.