A medicament preparation system includes a disposable cartridge with a flow path. Various sensors may be placed on the cartridge to measure qualities of the fluid flowing through the flow path. The sensors are placed in precise locations using various approaches that make manufacturing of the cartridge efficient and repeatable. A drain line that is susceptible to fouling may be preattached and various approaches are used to remove or reduce the fouling. An elastomeric contact can also be present in the medical preparation system and used in a conductivity measurement subsystem.

A process for separation of a slurry by radially injecting a stream of a nanogas solution at a shear-focus volume within a pipe; passing an aqueous slurry through the pipe along a direction of flow and through the shear-focus volume; and shearing and/or admixing the slurry with the nanogas solution within the shear-focus volume.

An exhaust gas system includes an engine-turbine exhaust gas conduit, a turbocharger, a turbine-housing exhaust gas conduit, an injection housing, a dosing module, and a bypass system. The engine-turbine exhaust gas conduit is configured to receive exhaust gas. The turbocharger includes a turbine. The turbine is coupled to the engine-turbine exhaust gas conduit. The turbine-housing exhaust gas conduit is coupled to the turbine. The injection housing is coupled to the turbine-housing exhaust gas conduit and centered on an injection housing axis. The dosing module is coupled to the injection housing and includes an injector. The injector is configured to dose reductant into the injection housing. The injector is centered on an injector axis. The bypass system includes a bypass inlet conduit, a bypass valve, and a bypass outlet conduit. The bypass inlet conduit is coupled to the engine-turbine exhaust gas conduit.

A medicament preparation system includes a disposable cartridge with a flow path. Various sensors may be placed on the cartridge to measure qualities of the fluid flowing through the flow path. The sensors are placed in precise locations using various approaches that make manufacturing of the cartridge efficient and repeatable. A drain line that is susceptible to fouling may be preattached and various approaches are used to remove or reduce the fouling. An elastomeric contact can also be present in the medical preparation system and used in a conductivity measurement subsystem.

A mixer for a vehicle exhaust system includes a mixer housing that defines an interior cavity for engine exhaust gases, and which includes a doser opening formed within a wall of the mixer housing. A cone has a cone inlet opening aligned with the doser opening and a cone outlet into the interior cavity. A diverter has at least one first opening that is open to the interior cavity and a second opening that surrounds the cone outlet. Exhaust flow is directed by the diverter to the cone inlet opening to be mixed with a fluid injected through the doser opening.

A medicament preparation system includes a disposable cartridge with a flow path. Various sensors may be placed on the cartridge to measure qualities of the fluid flowing through the flow path. The sensors are placed in precise locations using various approaches that make manufacturing of the cartridge efficient and repeatable. A drain line that is susceptible to fouling may be preattached and various approaches are used to remove or reduce the fouling. An elastomeric contact can also be present in the medical preparation system and used in a conductivity measurement subsystem.

An aftertreatment system includes an exhaust gas conduit, a mixer, and a mixing flange. The exhaust gas conduit includes an inner surface. The exhaust gas conduit has a conduit diameter d.sub.c. The mixer includes a mixer body and an upstream vane plate. The upstream vane plate has a plurality of upstream vanes. At least one of the plurality of upstream vanes is coupled to the mixer body. The mixing flange is disposed downstream of the mixer. The mixing flange includes a mixing flange opening having a mixing flange opening diameter d.sub.mf. 0.30*d.sub.c≤d.sub.mf≤0.95*d.sub.c.

An exhaust gas/reactant mixing arrangement is for an exhaust system of an internal combustion engine for mixing exhaust gas and reactant. The mixing arrangement includes an exhaust gas guide housing extending in the direction of a housing longitudinal axis and a housing wall. The housing wall surrounds and defines an exhaust gas duct accommodating a flow of exhaust gas. A mixing zone is formed between an upstream end wall and a downstream end wall arranged downstream of the upstream end wall. The mixing zone includes a first chamber and a second chamber as well as a reactant dispensing unit carried on the exhaust gas guide housing for dispensing reactant into the first chamber in a reactant main dispensing direction oriented substantially along a reactant dispensing line.

Liquid treatment apparatus comprises at least two chambers being first and second chambers through which a fluid can flow. The two chambers are separated by at least one choke nozzle which has an entrance in the first chamber and an exit in the second chamber. The choke nozzle comprises a converging section at its entrance, a throat section, a backward-facing step immediately after the throat section, and an exit section at its exit wherein the exit section diverges from the step. Similarly constructed mixing nozzles may be included in the apparatus. The apparatus is especially useful in processes requiring a gas to be entrained in a fluid so that the gas is in the form of very small bubbles that do not tend to coalesce and flash off such as in the dissolution of gold and other precious metals from ore and in the removal of arsenic from an ore.

Device for creating an emulsion consisting of a dispersed phase in the form of drops in a continuous phase, the device comprising: a motion generator (11) in order to put into motion at least one first fluid (3) intended to form the dispersed phase; a first channel (21) inside which the first fluid (3) put into motion can flow, the first channel (21) extending towards an output orifice (23) through which the first fluid is injected into at least one second fluid (5) intended to form the continuous phase; a variation system (40) for varying the internal volume (Vi) of the first channel (21) over time.