A water processing system is provided for processing or conditioning water to be distributed to a downstream function or system. The system includes a water processor with a conditioning element disposed inside a housing between an inlet and outlet of the housing. The conditioning element includes a series of plates having apertures with sharp edges to direct the flow of water and facilitate splitting of small gas bubbles into even smaller nano-bubbles. The plates may have different configurations of apertures. Optionally, a mixer injector introduces a gas, in the form of gas bubbles, into the water flow upstream of the water processor. The injector introduces additional gas volume in the form of relatively large bubbles, which are subsequently split into smaller bubbles (including nano-bubbles) in the water processor.

A variety of applications exploiting the Shapeless language where the geometry of letters is immaterial; their size and proximity deliver their message. These applications span rescue effort, industrial practice, painting, food preparation, authentication of documents, etc. Shapeless language is computer readable and very robust.

An exhaust system for an internal combustion engine includes an oxidation catalytic converter unit (12) with a first catalytic converter housing with a first housing axis (A.sub.1). An SCR catalytic converter unit (18) has a second catalytic converter housing (20), with a second housing axis (A.sub.2). A mixer housing (16) has an upstream connection area (24) adjoining a downstream end (26) of the first catalytic converter housing (14) and has a downstream connection area (28) adjoining an upstream end (30) of the second catalytic converter housing. A mixer (48) is carried in the mixer housing. A reactant release device (56) at the mixer housing releases reactant into a reactant-receiving duct (72) of the mixer. The mixer housing includes a first housing part (36) forming the upstream connection area (24) and a second housing part (38) forming the downstream connection area together with the first housing part.

Provided in one embodiment is a method of making paste for solar cells. The method can include forcing silver through a feed tube coupled to a hydrodynamic cavitation chamber using an air-driven piston. The method can include subjecting the silver to hydrodynamic cavitation in the hydrodynamic cavitation chamber by using a hydraulic pump to pass the silver sequentially through a primary orifice, a secondary orifice, and a final orifice within the hydrodynamic cavitation chamber to produce the paste for the solar cells. The silver can include up to three unique silver powders having a total particle size distribution from 0.1 microns to 10 microns. A first silver powder can have a first average particle size of 1.5 um, a second silver powder having a second average particle size of 0.5 um, and a third silver powder having a third average particle size of 0.2 um.

A stable-foam inhalation-device cartridge for a stable-foam inhalation device which dispenses a stable foam to be consumed by a user. The cartridge is devoid of an electrical energisation component. The cartridge includes a flexible mixing chamber, first and second foam-generation elements, an expansion chamber, a partitioning element having one or more mixing members for agitating a consumable foam and a discharge element. The discharge element has an outlet opening an inlet opening and a discharge conduit which interconnects the inlet opening with the outlet opening. The discharge conduit has a longitudinal extent which locates the inlet opening at a position closer to the partitioning element than to the outlet opening.

A multi-stage mixer includes a multi-stage mixer inlet, a multi-stage mixer outlet, a first flow device, and a second flow device. The multi-stage mixer inlet is configured to receive exhaust gas. The multi-stage mixer outlet is configured to provide the exhaust gas to a catalyst. The first flow device is configured to receive the exhaust gas from the multi-stage mixer inlet and to receive reductant such that the reductant is partially mixed with the exhaust gas within the first flow device. The first flow device includes a plurality of main vanes and a plurality of main vane apertures. The plurality of main vane apertures is interspaced between the plurality of main vanes. The plurality of main vane apertures is configured to receive the exhaust gas and to cooperate with the plurality of main vanes to provide the exhaust gas from the first flow device with a swirl flow.

An apparatus and process for preparing a water/diesel oil micro-emulsion including a diesel oil feeding unit, an emulsifying composition feeding unit, a water feeding unit, and a mixing tank in fluid communication therewith. A duct extends along main direction (X-X) and presents an inlet opening, outlet nozzle, and a cone shaped septum coaxial with respect to the main direction (X-X) and tapers towards the outlet nozzle. A plurality of holes is in the conical wall of the septum and a plurality of lamellae is arranged in the duct downstream of the septum. The plurality of lamellae creates a plurality of small chambers. Holes and the small chambers delimit a labyrinth passageway for liquid flowing through the duct towards the outlet nozzle. A batch is recirculated through the mixing tank and a conduit including a mixing device and then the fuel micro-emulsion batch is discharged.

A flow-through cavitation device having an elongated housing with an inlet and an outlet. An inner annular body and an outer annular body are concentrically and nestingly disposed in the elongated housing. The outer annular body is fixed relative to the housing and the inner annular body is rotatable about a longitudinal axis of the housing. Each annular body has a plurality of channels that pass therethrough. Rotation of the inner body relative to the outer body provides for selective alignment or misalignment of the plurality of channels to control fluid flow from the inlet to the outlet. The device may have a plurality of pairs of inner and outer annular bodies as described.

A flow-through cavitation device having an elongated housing with an inlet and an outlet. An inner annular body and an outer annular body are concentrically and nestingly disposed in the elongated housing. The outer annular body is fixed relative to the housing and the inner annular body is rotatable about a longitudinal axis of the housing. Each annular body has a plurality of channels that pass therethrough. Rotation of the inner body relative to the outer body provides for selective alignment or misalignment of the plurality of channels to control fluid flow from the inlet to the outlet. The device may have a plurality of pairs of inner and outer annular bodies as described.

A flow-through cavitation device having an elongated housing with an inlet and an outlet. An inner annular body and an outer annular body are concentrically and nestingly disposed in the elongated housing. The outer annular body is fixed relative to the housing and the inner annular body is rotatable about a longitudinal axis of the housing. Each annular body has a plurality of channels that pass therethrough. Rotation of the inner body relative to the outer body provides for selective alignment or misalignment of the plurality of channels to control fluid flow from the inlet to the outlet. The device may have a plurality of pairs of inner and outer annular bodies as described.