An insert assembly for a foam generating device includes a first insert and a second insert with a channel defined therethrough. Inserts may be formed by two shell halves that are coupleable to one another to define the channel. A plurality of ribs extends along an interior surface of the channel. Pad structures defined by porous media are provided in the channel and gripped by the plurality of ribs. The pads receive cleaning solution passing through the channel and cause foam to be generated by breaking-up the cleaning solution and agitating. The ribs may be arranged horizontally relative to a longitudinal axis of the insert assembly and retain the pads within the device. Inserts may be arranged in series along a longitudinal axis of the foam generating device with the pad structures arranged within the channel.

A micro-bubble acquisition apparatus is disclosed including a first body in which a water inlet channel, a water outlet channel, a vortex cavity communicating the water inlet channel with the water outlet channel, and an air inlet channel communicated with the vortex cavity are provided. The vortex cavity has an axis offset from an axis of the water inlet channel, the vortex cavity is provided with a water inlet communicated with the water inlet channel, and the water inlet is arranged at a side of the axis of the water inlet channel away from the axis of the vortex cavity.

A fluid-flow-modification plate comprises a monolithic body, having an inlet-side surface, an outlet-side surface, a first passage, a second passage, a third passage, and a fourth passage. The first passage, second passage, third passage, and fourth passage each extend between the inlet-side surface and the outlet-side surface. The first passage and second passage intersect each other at a first intersection boundary. The third passage and fourth passage intersect each other at a second intersection boundary. The first passage and third passage do not intersect each other. The first passage and fourth passage do not intersect each other. The second passage and third passage do not intersect each other. The second passage and fourth passage do not intersect each other. The first-passage-inlet-opening perimeter boundary has single-point contact with the fourth-passage-inlet-opening perimeter boundary. The second-passage-outlet-opening perimeter boundary has single-point contact with the third-passage-outlet-opening perimeter boundary.

A fluid-flow-modification plate (200) comprises a monolithic body (300), having an inlet-side surface (301) and an outlet-side surface (302), a first passage (501), a second passage (502), a third passage (503), and a fourth passage (504). The first passage (501), the second passage (502), the third passage (503), and the fourth passage (504) each extend between the inlet-side surface (301) and the outlet-side surface (302). The first passage (501) and the second passage (502) intersect each other at a first intersection boundary (530). The third passage (503) and the fourth passage (504) intersect each other at a second intersection boundary (531). The first passage (501) and the third passage (503) do not intersect each other. The second passage (502) and the fourth passage (504) do not intersect each other. The first-passage-inlet-opening perimeter boundary (311) has only two points of intersection with the fourth-passage-inlet-opening perimeter boundary (314). The second-passage-outlet-opening perimeter boundary (412) has only two points of intersection with the third-passage-outlet-opening perimeter boundary (413).

A filter element for filtering milk in a milk frother, comprising a plate-shaped porous main body, having a first side at which the milk can enter the porous main body, a second side at which the milk can exit from the porous main body, and a lateral side connecting the first and second sides, wherein the surface of the first side is less rough than the surface of the second side, and wherein the first side and the second side are different from one another.

A mixer for an exhaust system of an internal combustion engine includes a plate-shaped mixer body (26) with an incoming flow side (36) to be arranged oriented in the upstream direction in relation to an exhaust gas flow (H.sub.A1) and with an outflow side (38) to be arranged oriented in the downstream direction in relation to the exhaust gas flow (H.sub.A1), a first exhaust gas flow-through opening (30) in the mixer body (26), a reactant-receiving body (42) carried on the mixer body (26) in the area of the first exhaust gas flow-through opening (30), as well as a plurality of second exhaust gas flow-through openings (34) in the mixer body (26). The second exhaust gas flow-through openings (34) are arranged surrounding the first exhaust gas flow-through opening (30) in the mixer body (26).

An exhaust treatment arrangement includes a mixing assembly disposed between first and second substrates; and an injection mounting location disposed at the mixing assembly. The mixing assembly includes a mixing arrangement configured to direct exhaust flow exiting the first substrate in a swirling configuration, a restricting member defining a restricted passage, and optionally a dispersing member configured to even out the exhaust flow.

A mixer for an exhaust system of an internal combustion engine includes a plate-shaped mixer body (26) with an incoming flow side (36) to be arranged oriented in the upstream direction in relation to an exhaust gas flow (H.sub.A1) and with an outflow side (38) to be arranged oriented in the downstream direction in relation to the exhaust gas flow (H.sub.A1), a first exhaust gas flow-through opening (30) in the mixer body (26), a reactant-receiving body (42) carried on the mixer body (26) in the area of the first exhaust gas flow-through opening (30), as well as a plurality of second exhaust gas flow-through openings (34) in the mixer body (26). The second exhaust gas flow-through openings (34) are arranged surrounding the first exhaust gas flow-through opening (30) in the mixer body (26).

A porous-medium premixing combustor is provided, which includes: an air-fuel gas mixer, a combustor body, a thermocouple, an ignition electrode, and a detecting electrode. The combustor body includes a casing connected to the air-fuel gas mixer; an outer and an inner burner-block, wherein the outer burner-block and the casing are connected, forming a square chamber, and the inner burner-block is provided inside the square chamber, with a via hole communicating with a pipe; and a mixed gas distributing plate, an ordered porous plate, a small-pore foamed ceramic plate, and a big-pore foamed-ceramic plate sequentially provided along an axis direction of the via hole of the inner burner-block. The thermocouple is provided at the casing and extends into the square chamber. The ignition electrode is provided close to an end of the big-pore foamed-ceramic plate. The detecting electrode is provided close to an exit end of the big-pore foamed-ceramic plate.

A static mixer device comprising a housing having a proximal end, a distal end, and an opening extending between the proximal and distal ends. In certain embodiments, a plurality of metal frits is positioned within the opening of the housing, each of the metal frits extending across a cross-sectional dimension of the opening and having interconnected porosity. In other embodiments, one or more mixer elements fabricated using laser additive manufacturing technology and having novel configurations are positioned within the opening of the housing. In yet other embodiments, the housing comprises multiple openings having different diameters from each other, with each opening either extending through the housing with a constant diameter or with one or more of the openings having a varying diameter.