Disclosed herein are spatial insect repellent compositions comprising pyrethrins and p-menthane-3,8-diol. Room entry of Aedes albopictus and Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitos is reduced by at least about 10% after exposure to the vaporized composition. Within 24 hours after exposure to the vaporized composition, Aedes albopictus and Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitos experience about 10% mortality.

Disclosed herein are spatial insect repellent compositions comprising pyrethrins and p-menthane-3,8-diol. Room entry of Aedes albopictus and Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitos is reduced by at least about 10% after exposure to the vaporized composition. Within 24 hours after exposure to the vaporized composition, Aedes albopictus and Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitos experience about 10% mortality.

A hematophagous arthropod repellent composition includes 3,4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde or vanillin acetate as an effective ingredient. The repellent composition is against hematophagous arthropods which transmit diseases to animals including humans or directly cause discomfort or stress by bloodsucking. The hematophagous arthropod repellent composition not only has excellent repellency against hematophagous arthropods such as mosquitoes and ticks but also has long-lasting repellency, and thus it may be used as a hematophagous arthropod repellent for protecting animals including humans.

A hematophagous arthropod repellent composition includes 3,4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde or vanillin acetate as an effective ingredient. The repellent composition is against hematophagous arthropods which transmit diseases to animals including humans or directly cause discomfort or stress by bloodsucking. The hematophagous arthropod repellent composition not only has excellent repellency against hematophagous arthropods such as mosquitoes and ticks but also has long-lasting repellency, and thus it may be used as a hematophagous arthropod repellent for protecting animals including humans.

A hematophagous arthropod repellent composition includes 3,4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde or vanillin acetate as an effective ingredient. The repellent composition is against hematophagous arthropods which transmit diseases to animals including humans or directly cause discomfort or stress by bloodsucking. The hematophagous arthropod repellent composition not only has excellent repellency against hematophagous arthropods such as mosquitoes and ticks but also has long-lasting repellency, and thus it may be used as a hematophagous arthropod repellent for protecting animals including humans.

The present invention provides a method for supplying the nitrogen requirements of a plant comprising administering to said plant a combination of non-pathogenic, atmospheric nitrogen-fixing bacteria and one or more activating agents. Many of these activating agents possess potent anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial activity. The method is particularly suitable for use in enabling nitrogen fixation in plant species such as wheat, maize and other cereal crops, in which nitrogen fixation is normally not possible. The invention also provides compositions comprising nitrogen-fixing bacteria and suitable activating agents. In one preferred embodiment, the nitrogen fixing bacteria are of the Rhizobium genus.

The present invention provides a method for supplying the nitrogen requirements of a plant comprising administering to said plant a combination of non-pathogenic, atmospheric nitrogen-fixing bacteria and one or more activating agents. Many of these activating agents possess potent anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial activity. The method is particularly suitable for use in enabling nitrogen fixation in plant species such as wheat, maize and other cereal crops, in which nitrogen fixation is normally not possible. The invention also provides compositions comprising nitrogen-fixing bacteria and suitable activating agents. In one preferred embodiment, the nitrogen fixing bacteria are of the Rhizobium genus.

A method for controlling the growth of vegetation includes a step of applying a composition to the foliage of the vegetation, without any pre-heating. The application of the composition induces osmosis on cells of the foliage and destroys those cells. The composition includes an aqueous solution of at least one sugar, and optionally further includes a penetrant and an additional component such as a fatty acid. The sugar may be selected from natural plant-based sugars, sugar substitutes and sugar alcohols. The concentrations of the active ingredients may be varied to give either a weed-killing effect, or a plant growth inhibitor effect, as desired.

A method for controlling the growth of vegetation includes a step of applying a composition to the foliage of the vegetation, without any pre-heating. The application of the composition induces osmosis on cells of the foliage and destroys those cells. The composition includes an aqueous solution of at least one sugar, and optionally further includes a penetrant and an additional component such as a fatty acid. The sugar may be selected from natural plant-based sugars, sugar substitutes and sugar alcohols. The concentrations of the active ingredients may be varied to give either a weed-killing effect, or a plant growth inhibitor effect, as desired.

Provided are materials and methods for preventing or inhibiting the growth of and/or killing a plant pathogen of the genus Phytophthora on a plant (or on a foodstuff derived from said plant).