Compositions and methods are provided for a system in which liquid carbon dioxide, or a mixture of liquid and gaseous carbon dioxide, is converted to solid carbon dioxide by exiting an orifice at a sufficient pressure drop, e.g., for delivery of carbon dioxide to a concrete mixture in a mixer.

A carbonated water dispenser comprises a carbonator with a water inlet and a carbonated water outlet. A backflow preventer module is fluidically coupled to the water inlet and comprises a check valve and a thermal mass flow meter. The thermal mass flow meter is configured to communicate a first signal based on a measured amount of heat transferred from a heater to a temperature sensor by a flow of a fluid through the backflow preventer module. A shut-off valve is fluidically coupled between the carbonated water outlet and a nozzle. The shut-off valve is configured to allow or prevent fluid flow from the carbonated water outlet to the nozzle base on a control signal. A controller is configured to detect a backflow condition based on the first signal and generate the control signal to configure the shut-off valve to prevent dispensing carbonated water upon detection of the backflow condition.

Plant for delivering a gas mixture to a silicon wafer doping unit comprising a source of a dopant gas (1), a source of a carrier gas (2), a mixer device (3) connected to the container of dopant gas (1) and to the source of carrier gas (2), a first flow regulator member (41) and a second flow regulator member (42) for regulating the flows of the dopant gas (1) and of the carrier gas (2) towards the mixer device (3), a control unit (5) for controlling the first and second flow regulator members (41, 42) so as to adjust the first flow rate setpoint (D1) and the second flow rate setpoint (D2) in proportions determined as a function of at least one target content (C1, C2) of dopant gas (1) and/or carrier gas (2) in the mixture, a buffer tank (7), a delivery line (6) for delivering the mixture to a doping unit (10) with a consumption flow rate (DC), at least one measurement sensor (8) for measuring a physical quantity, the variation of which is representative of a variation in the consumption flow rate (DC) and for providing a first measurement signal, the control unit (5) being connected to the sensor (8) and configured to produce a first control signal from the first measurement signal, the flow regulator members (41, 42) being configured to adjust the first and second flow rate setpoints (D1, D2) in response to said first control signal.

A technique facilitates mixing of fluids for use in well treatment operations. According to an embodiment, a dry powder material, e.g. a friction reducer, may be thoroughly mixed into fluid or fluids associated with a well treatment operation. The powder material is combined with liquid, e.g. water, via a series of Venturi mixers arranged to thoroughly mix the materials. In some applications, the Venturi mixers are mounted on a modular unit which is readily moved to a desired wellsite. Additional modular units may be added to increase the amount of product being mixed according to the demands of a given well treatment operation, e.g. a hydraulic fracturing operation.

A carbonation machine with integrated water treatment. The carbonation machine may include a carbonation system for carbonating water in a bottle attached to a carbonation head of the system, a detachable water reservoir, configured to be mounted on a base with an outlet port to allow outward flow of water from the reservoir, piping connecting the outlet port of the water reservoir to transfer water from the detachable reservoir and to pour the water into the bottle, a pump for pumping water out of the water reservoir and transfer the pumped water via the piping, a controller configured to control the pump, and one or more water treatment components fluidically connected to the piping to apply water treatment to water flowing through the piping.

The invention relates to a high-pressure mixing, dosing and recirculation head for injection or casting reaction molding, said high-pressure mixing, dosing and recirculation head comprising a head body, a mixing chamber, obtained in the head body wherein a valve element or mixing valve slides and in fluid communication with a supply duct, and a self-cleaning element comprising a scraping portion, said self-cleaning element being structured to slide in said supply duct, as well as comprising an apparatus for controlling and commanding mixing, supply and recirculation comprising a plurality of sensors and transducers mounted on board of the head body and of the components parts of the head connected thereto to detect and transform representative physical quantities of at least one operational status of said high-pressure mixing, dosing and recirculation head into electrical signals and an electronic control and storing system adapted to synchronously control and scan said sensors and transducers and adapted to receive and process said electrical signals indicative of said at least one operational status, at the beginning and during the operational phases of said high-pressure mixing, dosing and recirculation head to compare them with each other and with electrical signals representative of a predetermined reference operational status. The invention also relates to a high-pressure mixing, dosing and recirculation method for injection or casting reaction molding.

Methods and apparatus are disclosed relating to mixing fluids in welding-type equipment. In some examples, a welding-type power supply (and/or wire feeder) may include multiple fluid paths through which to provide fluid from multiple fluid reservoirs to multiple welding-type tools. The power supply may be configured to automatically control fluid flow rates through the fluid paths via proportional valves. Further, the welding-type power supply may be configured to allow and/or prohibit mixing of fluids from different flow paths via control of various valves.

The present invention relates to methods and devices for production of injectable foams, such as those used in the treatment of varicose veins and other venous disorders. The method requires the delivery or supply of foamable liquid sclerosing agent and a suitable gas or a gas mixture to a foam producing structure in which the liquid and gas are combined to produce foam, wherein the liquid is delivered independently of the delivery of gas. Devices for producing injectable foam comprise a foam producing structure in which liquid and gas are combined to produce foam, the structure comprising an inlet for liquid and gas and an outlet for foam; a liquid pathway in communication with the inlet; and a gas pathway in communication with the inlet, characterised in that the liquid pathway comprises a means for delivering liquid through the liquid pathway independently of gas delivery through the gas pathway. In preferred embodiments, the delivery of liquid and/or gas is controlled with volumetric pumps.

The present subject matter further relates to a box-type portable flow rate metering device for measuring flow rate of multiple fluids of varied viscosities while being supplies to form a final mixture. The device includes a flow meter which is detachably arranged per feed line to measure a flow rate of respective fluid during each operation cycle; and a digital display unit coupled to the respective flow meter to display the flow rate of the respective fluid during each operation cycle.

In one embodiment, a substrate treatment apparatus includes a mixer configured to mix a first liquid including a metal element and a second liquid being basicity to generate a third liquid including the metal element and being basicity. The apparatus further includes a supplier configured to supply the third liquid to a substrate. The apparatus further includes a first flow path configured to convey the third liquid from the mixer to the supplier not through a filter that removes particles from the third liquid.