The efficiency of water disinfection can be significantly increased by supplying the ozone in combination with oxygen to an inlet of a cavitation pump. The ozone and the oxygen are turned into ultra-fine bubbles via cavitation action within the pump, facilitating the dissolution of the oxygen and ozone within the water. The water mixed with the oxygen and the ozone is subsequently supplied to a line atomizer, where the dissolution of the ozone within the mixture is completed. The combined use of the cavitation pump and the line atomizer can lead to a substantially complete dissolution of the supplied ozone within water that needs to be disinfected, allowing to easily achieve the concentration of ozone necessary for water disinfection. Due to this efficiency, the system and method described are highly scalable and suitable for water purification at water purification plants of various sizes.

Provided herein are gas mixing systems, comprising a gas inlet for receiving two or more gases and a mixing chamber with a static mixer for mixing the gases. Preferred mixing chambers further comprise a reduced pressure compartment downstream of the static mixer that is in fluid communication with the gas inlet. A gas outlet is in fluid communication with the mixing chamber, and one or more sensors are coupled to the reduced pressure compartment and are configured to continuously sense various parameters such as barometric pressure and the percentage of oxygen in the gas mixture moving through the mixing device. Most typically, the readings of the sensor are pre-compensated for temperature, pressure, and humidity. Also provided herein are methods for using the same.

A spatially controllable, for example CD controllable, eductor, and more particularly an eductor that is capable of providing a variable motive fluid and processes using such an eductor are provided.

The present disclosure involves systems and methods for applying CO2 to concrete, which may be performed in-situ or through a separate, stand-alone process. According to another embodiment disclosed herein, a system and method for applying CO2 to one or more materials used in the production of concrete is also provided.

Jet fuels' thermal oxidation characteristics are evaluated via the Standard Test Method for Thermal Stability of Aviation Turbine Fuels. This test method mimics the thermal stress conditions encountered by jet fuel in operation and is often carried out by laboratory devices, known as rigs. The rigs include a test section having a sleeve and a heater tube arranged therein. A pair of bus bars secure the test section to the rig and apply a current to the heater tube. The applied current heats the heater tube and subjects the sample jet fuels that are flowing in the volume between the sleeve and heater tube to high temperatures, which may produce thermal oxidation deposits on the heater tube. Heater tubes are difficult to install, however, and a gauge may be used to ensure accurate placement of the heater tube within the sleeve. In addition, the fuel sample must be prepared via an aeration process, and systems are disclosed for automating the aeration process such that the sample is prepared precisely according to the test standard. Moreover, the rig includes a pump system that moves the fuel sample through the test section, and a pump system is provided in a double syringe arrangement that optimizes fuel flow through the test section without fluctuation. Finally, the rigs include cooling systems for cooling the bus bars and maintaining an appropriate thermal profile within the heater tube, and cooling systems may be provided that independently control the temperature of each bus bar.

An apparatus for mixing a liquid and a substance, including a housing with a liquid inlet and a substance inlet to a mixing chamber, an outlet for a mixture of liquid and substance, and a flow restrictor arranged in the housing, between the liquid inlet and the mixing chamber. The flow restrictor is controllable to switch between a first position providing a first through flow area configured to create a Venturi effect such that a flow of the liquid draws the substance into the mixing chamber, and a second position providing a second through flow area that is larger than the first through flow area to thereby decrease a pressure drop caused by the flow restrictor.

With a method for heating in particular milk or milk foam, in which the milk or the milk/air mixture is conveyed through a passage opening and hot steam is conveyed through at least one steam line transversely into this passage opening. The passage opening and the at least one inlet opening opening transversely into the steam line, the steam pressure in this and the pressure and the pressure in the passage opening with flowing milk or milk/air mixture are so coordinated that the hot steam at the at least one transverse inlet opening condenses in the passage opening directly on contact with the milk or the milk/air mixture. Consequently the additional energy produced by the phase change from steam to condensate water is transmitted directly as heat to the heat in the milk or the milk/air mixture.

A valve comprising a valve spindle housing located in the side of the chamber and including a first fluid inlet and a first fluid outlet, and a cylinder open along a portion of a longitudinal axis of the cylinder and rotatably mounted in the valve spindle housing. The cylinder is positioned in one position so that the cylinder completely obstructs the valve spindle housing outlet, not allowing any fluid to pass around the cylinder. The cylinder walls are solid except for having openings through a portion of the cylinder, so that when rotated to a closed position, the solid portion of the cylinder fully obstructs the valve spindle housing outlet, and when rotated to an open position, the first fluid can pass into the inside of the cylinder and then through the openings and out of the valve spindle housing.

A separation device with two-stage gas-liquid mixture and conical spiral fields is provided. A first-stage uniform mixer performs first-stage gas-liquid crushing and uniform mixing process by an outer micropore ceramic pipe, a middle micropore ceramic pipe and an inner micropore ceramic pipe and crushes large bubbles in the gas-liquid two-phase flow into small bubbles. A second-stage uniform mixer performs second-stage gas-liquid crushing and uniform mixing process. A whirlpool-making gas collector adjusts the gas-liquid uniform mixing flow obtained after two-stage gas-liquid uniform mixing into hollow-core type high-speed two-phase spiral flow. A conical degasser performs gas-liquid efficient separation operation in a high-speed conical spiral field. A two-stage uniform mixing control system and a gas-liquid separation control system automatically regulate and control the flow and the flow pressure of the gas-liquid two-phase flow, the gas-liquid uniform mixing flow and degassed gas flow and degassed liquid flow.

Systems and methods for dissolving ozone gas in a liquid. An embodiment can comprise a tank having an upper region, a lower region, and a discharge outlet, all disposed in a specified geometry. A pump can be coupled with a liquid inlet in order to receive a liquid therefrom and to deliver the liquid via a pipe to the upper region of the tank. The pump can be coupled with the lower region of the tank in order to receive the liquid from the tank and to recirculate the liquid to the upper region of the tank. The apparatus can include an ozone inlet to receive ozone into the tank. The ozone inlet can comprise a venturi inlet disposed on the pipe downstream of the pump. The liquid can be released from the tank and depressurized, thereby providing for the ozone to emerge from the liquid as gas bubbles. The released liquid can be selected for a two-stage gas and aqueous cleaning process.