A method is provided for monitoring a flow behavior of mixed components without requiring additional instrumentation or sampling. The method is carried out by determining ratios of the power required to rotate a mixing impeller at different rotational speeds and then comparing the ratios. Characteristics about the mixed components are determined based on differences between the ratios.

Bioreactors are provided that include a vessel and a jet mixer disposed in the vessel. Methods that utilize the bioreactors are provided, involving placing a microorganism or cells and a fluid medium in the bioreactor.

Bioreactors are disclosed that include a vessel, a jet mixing system comprising a plurality of jet flow agitators disposed in the vessel, each jet flow agitator comprising a shaft, a shroud surrounding the shaft, the shaft having a bore and a plurality of orifices in communication with the bore, and an impeller mounted on the shaft within the shroud, and a gas delivery system configured to supply a process gas to the vessel through the bore such that the gas exits the orifices. The vessel may include a vent, and the gas delivery system may include a source of oxygen in communication with the vessel, an oxygen monitor configured to monitor the oxygen content of a liquid in the vessel, and a controller configured to adjust the oxygen content of the liquid, using the vent and oxygen source, in response to input from the oxygen monitor.

A dry powder kneading apparatus includes a main body including an inner space into which a mixture containing an active material, a conductive material, and a binder is supplied, and a screw inside the inner space of the main body, the screw being configured to move the mixture in one direction and to knead the mixture into fiberized dry powder, and a rotation torque of the screw being 1.4 kgf.Math.m to 42 kgf.Math.m.

A method for producing a resin particle dispersion includes: obtaining a phase-inverted emulsion by adding a neutralizer to a resin solution prepared by dissolving a resin having an acid value in an organic solvent to thereby neutralize the resin and then adding an aqueous medium to the resulting resin solution to subject the resin to phase inversion emulsification; and removing the organic solvent from the phase-inverted emulsion. In the course of obtaining the phase-inverted emulsion, a maximum agitation power per unit mass (kg) of the resin when the resin solution containing the aqueous medium added thereto is agitated to perform the phase inversion emulsification is from 0.4 W to 20 W inclusive.

A dry powder kneading apparatus includes a main body including an inner space into which a mixture containing an active material, a conductive material, and a binder is supplied, and a screw inside the inner space of the main body, the screw being configured to move the mixture in one direction and to knead the mixture into fiberized dry powder, and a rotation torque of the screw being 1.4 kgf.Math.m to 42 kgf.Math.m.