A method and UV reactor, the UV reactor having a longitudinal flow chamber, an input, and an output for fluid flow entry and exit, where the input has an inlet pipe followed by an inlet cone, said UV reactor having at least one longitudinal UV-lamp, and where the UV-lamp has a flow path from the input to the output via the flow chamber, for UV radiation exposure as fluid flows from the input to the output to receive a UV dose, so that the fluid applied to the UV reactor via the input of the flow chamber, is applied a uniform helical flow path where all the fluid applied to the UV reactor passes at least one UV lamp at a distance to receive a prescribed UV dose related to the current UV reactor, during passing of the fluid inside the UV reactor.

Photon generating substrates for light-directed oligonucleotide synthesis are disclosed. Light is generated within a solid-state stack that supports growing oligonucleotides. The light may be generated by microLEDs, a pass-through liquid crystal panel, or an LCoS system. Light passes through a transmissive layer on which growing oligonucleotides are attached. Patterning of the light is controlled by selective activation of the microLEDs or by selective control of the transparency of a liquid crystal layer. Photolabile blocking groups are selectively removed by exposure to patterned light emitted from the photon generating substrate.

Compositions and methods for generating ClO.sub.2 gas are disclosed. A composition that includes a chlorite salt is activated by exposure to ultraviolet light. After an optional storage period, the composition is then exposed to moisture, resulting in the generation of ClO.sub.2 gas. Exemplary compositions include polymers in which the chlorite salt is dispersed. The polymers may be used to form films that can be used to package, e.g., food products, pharmaceutical products, medical devices, and/or laboratory devices. Upon exposure to ultraviolet light and moisture, the packaging releases controlled quantities of ClO.sub.2 gas, which may disinfect and/or deodorize the packaged device or product.

A polymerization reactor for production of a super absorbent polymer including: a composition supply part for supplying a monomer composition solution; a central pipe connected to the composition supply part; a composition distribution part including a first connecting pipe that is obliquely connected to the central pipe at a first angle with respect to the central pipe; a pair of first branch pipes that are obliquely branched at a second angle with respect to the first connecting pipe; a conveyor belt located under the discharge port of the first branch pipe and on which the composition solution is deposited; and an energy supply part for supplying polymerization energy to the composition solution on the conveyor belt, wherein the first angle is an angle between the conveyor belt and the connecting pipe, and the second angle is an angle between the connecting pipe and each branch pipe.

The present invention is a production method for ammonia and ammonia derivatives in a Multi-Reaction Zone Reactor. Said production method comprising the steps of: a) producing at least some section of ammonia as a result of balance reaction of ammonia by means of nitrogen and hydrogen catalyst in at least one primary reaction zone (RZ-1), b) realizing absorption by means of chemical or physical absorbents of at least some section of ammonia which is in gas form and which is produced in primary reaction zone (RZ-1) in at least one secondary reaction zone (RZ-2) which is not separated by discrete physical barriers with the primary reaction zone (RZ-1).

The present disclosure relates to a method for producing trifluoroiodomethane (CF.sub.3I) from iodine (I.sub.2) and trifluoroacetic anhydride (TFAA) under photochemical conditions using ultraviolet (UV) light.

An antifouling layer stack comprising a first layer element, a silicone layer, and a second layer element. The silicone layer is a light guide for UV radiation, and may include embedded UV light sources. The first layer element is situated on a first surface of the silicone layer, and the second layer element is situated on a second surface of the silicone layer. The first and second layer elements differ in composition from the silicone layer. The first layer element facilitates transmission of the UV radiation from the silicone layer to an external medium, and may provide protection and improve the structural integrity of the stack. The second layer element may also provide protection and structural integrity. The second layer element may be reflective, and may provide an adhesive surface for attaching the stack to a vessel.

Methods and systems are provided for photochemically synthesizing tetrachloromethane in an industrial scale using a plurality of arrays or channels of light emitting diodes. A wavelength output by an SLM lamp is customized to bias the photochemical reaction towards a target reaction and target product and away from a side reaction and side product. The higher yield of the target product improved efficiency and reduces the need for complex purification for removal of the side product.

The present invention provides an improved process for the preparation of Dalteparin sodium. The process is simple, commercially viable and industrially advantageous.

There is disclosed a method and UV reactor for improving the efficiency of treating fluids applied to a UV reactor (2) comprising a longitudinal flow chamber (4) having a longitudinal center axis (22), an input (6) for entry of fluid in the flow chamber (4), and an output (8) for fluid to exit the flow chamber (4), where at least the input (6) of the flow chamber (4) comprises an inlet pipe (10) followed by an inlet cone (12) which as a part of the flow chamber (4) increases the cross section of the channel from the inlet pipe (10) to a cross section of the longitudinal flow chamber (4) of UV reactor (2), said UV reactor (2) having at least one longitudinal UV-lamp (20) parallel to but not coinciding with the longitudinal center axis (22), and where the UV-lamp (20) is arranged such that fluid can flow along a flow path from the input (6) to the output (8) via the flow chamber (4), and so that fluid flowing along the flow path can be exposed to UV radiation as it flows from the input (6) to the output (8) to receive a UV dose, which is characterized in, that the fluid applied to the UV reactor (2) via the input (6) of the flow chamber (4), when passing the inlet cone (12), is applied a uniform helical flow path in an extent that all the fluid applied to the UV reactor (2), within the operation range of the current UV reactor (2), at least passes at least one UV lamp (20) at a distance to receive at least a prescribed UV dose related to the current UV reactor (2), during passing of the fluid inside the UV reactor.