The present invention relates to a process for preparing bromotrichloromethane comprising a) providing bromine in chloroform; and b) radiation of the resulting solution with light in the range of 350 to 550 nm, wherein said solution of bromine in chloroform is not radiated with radiation of a wavelength below 350 nm.

InGaN offers a route to high efficiency overall water splitting under one-step photo-excitation. Further, the chemical stability of metal-nitrides supports their use as an alternative photocatalyst. However, the efficiency of overall water splitting using InGaN and other visible light responsive photocatalysts has remained extremely low despite prior art work addressing optical absorption through band gap engineering. Within this prior art the detrimental effects of unbalanced charge carrier extraction/collection on the efficiency of the four electron-hole water splitting reaction have remained largely unaddressed. To address this growth processes are presented that allow for controlled adjustment and establishment of the appropriate Fermi level and/or band bending in order to allow the photochemical water splitting to proceed at high rate and high efficiency. Beneficially, establishing such material surface charge properties also reduces photo-corrosion and instability under harsh photocatalysis conditions.

The present invention relates to a method for preparing 2-chloro-6-trichloromethylpyridine with product purity greater than or equal to 99.0% by using trifluoromethyl chlorobenzene as a solvent for reaction between 2-methylpyridine with chlorine gas, in which 2-methylpyridine and chlorine gas are used as starting materials, trifluoromethyl chlorobenzene is used as a solvent, 2-methylpyridine is prepared into a liquid raw material by using the solvent trifluoromethyl chlorobenzene, and the liquid raw material is continuously fed to perform liquid phase photochlorination reaction at temperature of 160-240 C. under irradiation of ultraviolet light to obtain 2-chloro-6-trichloromethylpyridine solution. Advantages: the selectivity of reaction for the production of 2-chloro-6-trichloromethylpyridine is improved, the content of components such as isomers and pentachloromethylpyridine in the crude product is decreased significantly, the crude product is easy to be purified to obtain the 2-chloro-6-trichloromethylpyridine product with purity greater than or equal to 99.0%, and the industrial production is facilitated; and secondly, not only can the reuse of the separated solvent in the preparation process of the 2,6-dichloropyridine product with purity greater than or equal to 99.0% be realized, but also the purposes of low pollution, low energy consumption and low cost in the preparation process are realized.

A flow through fluid purification device (1) comprising a container (5) arranged such that fluid can flow through a volume (8) of the container (5) from an inlet (3) to an outlet (7), and an inner cylinder (10a) inserted or insertable into the volume (8) of the container (5) and defining an interface wall (11) permeable for radiation with a wavelength in the UV-range, preferably between 150 nm and 200 nm, wherein the container (5) includes plurality of axially arranged cylinder parts (5b,5c,5d,5e) connected to each other by welding to form an outer cylinder assembly (5a).

The present invention provides a formulation to link protein to a solid support that comprises one or more proteins, Oligo-dT and one or more non-volatile, water-soluble protein solvents, solutes or combination thereof in an aqueous solution. Further provided is a method of attaching a protein to a surface of a substrate. The formulations provided herein are contacted onto the substrate surface, printed thereon and air dried. The substrate surface is irradiated with UV light to induce thymidine photochemical crosslinking via the thymidine moieties of the Oligo-dT.

Methods according to the present invention decolorize a polymer by mixing a solution of the polymer with a photocatalyst and exposing the mixture to ultraviolet light; by way of non-limiting example, the polymer may be a star polymer and the photocatalyst may be titanium dioxide. Methods according to the present invention also utilize a metal scavenger, in some embodiments a solid-phase metal scavenger, to remove a metal catalyst from a polymer solution; by way of non-limiting example, the metal catalyst may be a tin catalyst. The decolorization methods and the catalyst removal methods of the present invention may be practiced separately, sequentially in any order, or simultaneously.

The present invention relates to an apparatus for treating mixed waste, for example, an apparatus for degrading bioplastic material in the mixed waste. The apparatus includes an electromagnetic wave emitter adapted to emit an electromagnetic wave on to the mixed waste; a movement inducing device adapted to move the mixed waste when the electromagnetic wave is being emitted onto the mixed waste such that the mixed waste is moved to increase the exposure of the mixed waste to the electromagnetic wave; and at least one of a heat emitter adapted to emit heat and a moisture emitter adapted to emit moisture onto the mixed waste. The present invention further relates to a method of treating mixed waste.

The present invention is a production method for ammonia and ammonia derivatives in a Multi-Reaction Zone Reactor. Said production method comprising the steps of: a) producing at least some section of ammonia as a result of balance reaction of ammonia by means of nitrogen and hydrogen catalyst in at least one primary reaction zone (RZ-1), b) realizing absorption by means of chemical or physical absorbents of at least some section of ammonia which is in gas form and which is produced in primary reaction zone (RZ-1) in at least one secondary reaction zone (RZ-2) which is not separated by discrete physical barriers with the primary reaction zone (RZ-1).

A radioactive cesium adsorbent includes photocatalyst particles and Prussian blue. The ferric ions of the Prussian blue are reduced to ferrous ions by activation of the photocatalyst particles. A method of removing radioactive cesium using the radioactive cesium adsorbent includes preparing a composition comprising photocatalyst particles and Prussian blue; preparing a precursor solution by mixing radioactive cesium and the composition prepared in the preparing of a composition; and reducing ferric ions of the Prussian blue to ferrous ions by activating the photocatalyst particles in the precursor solution prepared in the preparing of a precursor solution.

Provided herein are methane conversion devices comprising a filter means (e.g., one or more filters), a circulation means (e.g., one or more circulating pumps), a reaction means (e.g., one or more reactor assemblies), a control means (e.g., central process unit, thermo-controller, UV controller, and the like), an energy supply means (e.g., ultra-violet lamp, direct sunlight, heating assembly, and the like).