The invention provides an element (210) comprising: (i) an electrical component (1220); (ii) an optical medium (270) comprising medium material (275) comprising a silicone transmissive for one or more of UV radiation and visible radiation, wherein the electrical component (1220) is embedded in the optical medium (270); (iii) an electrical connector (510) for functionally coupling the electrical component (1220) external to the optical medium (270), wherein the electrical connector (510) is embedded in the optical medium (270) over at least part of its length; and (iv) a water barrier (530) at least partly embedded in the optical medium (270) and configured to enclose at least part of the electrical connector (510).

Disclosed herein are methods and systems for achieving degradation of ethers.

A radiation curable system to form a radiation curable article includes a container including a first portion and a second portion, the first portion of the container including an ultraviolet curable silicone composition including an unsaturated, carbon functional group-containing siloxane component, a hydride-containing siloxane component, and a photoactive catalyst; a second portion of the container including a cure inhibitor; and a source of radiation. Further included is a method of forming a radiation curable article includes providing an ultraviolet curable silicone composition in a first portion of a container, wherein the ultraviolet curable silicone composition includes an unsaturated, carbon functional group-containing siloxane component, a hydride-containing siloxane component, and a photoactive catalyst; providing a cure inhibitor in a second portion of the container; and irradiating the silicone composition with a radiation source to form the radiation curable article.

Described herein are various methods, systems, and apparatus for reducing and eliminating biofilms from hydrocarbons. A combination of oxidizing agents and radiation of certain wavelengths forms a synergistic reaction. The synergistic reaction generates EMODs, which are effective in reducing microbial count and eliminating or blocking biofilm formation, particularly in anaerobic environments. This synergistic reaction has a relationship to EMOD creation and has a detrimental effect on Microbial Contamination (MC), Microbial Influenced Corrosion (MIC) and biofilm creation. MC, MIC and biofilm can be eliminated or greatly reduced with the treatment methods in or on equipment including pipelines, storage tanks, and refinery processing equipment.

Disclosed is a method for the photoinitiated transformation of a transformable reactive substrate. The method includes an initial step in which a protected ketone photoinitator species which is present in the suhstrate is deprotected to form the corresponding ketone photoinitiator species for use in a subsequent photoinitiated reaction in the method. The ketone group of the photoinitiator is protected by an unsubstituted 1,3 dioxolanc group. Also disclosed are a composition which may be used in the method, the use of the protected ketone photoinitiator in a photoinitiated reaction, as well as the protected ketone photoinitiators themselves.

Provided are systems and methods for treating a biological fluid, e.g., to inactivate pathogens.

Provided herein are methods of CO.sub.2 reduction to methanol or CO using a Cu.sub.2O catalyst.

Provided is a method for producing a photocatalyst electrode for water decomposition that exhibits excellent detachability between the substrate and the photocatalyst layer and exhibits high photocurrent density. The method for producing a photocatalyst electrode for water decomposition of the invention includes: a metal layer forming step of forming a metal layer on one surface of a first substrate by a vapor phase film-forming method or a liquid phase film-forming method; a photocatalyst layer forming step of forming a photocatalyst layer by subjecting the metal layer to at least one treatment selected from an oxidation treatment, a nitriding treatment, a sulfurization treatment, or a selenization treatment; a current collecting layer forming step of forming a current collecting layer on a surface of the photocatalyst layer, the surface being on the opposite side of the first substrate; and a detachment step of detaching the first substrate from the photocatalyst layer.

According to the present invention, there can be provided a process for producing 7-dehydrocholesterol (7DHC), comprising culturing, in a medium, a 7DHC-producing Labyrinthulea microorganism in which sterol 24-C-methyltransferase activity is reduced or lost as compared to a parent strain, allowing 7DHC to be produced and accumulated in the culture, and collecting the 7DHC from the culture; and a process for producing vitamin D3, comprising irradiating, with ultraviolet light, 7-dehydrocholesterol produced by the production process.

An ultraviolet sterilization device includes a processing chamber that houses a subject of sterilization and a light source that irradiates an interior of the processing chamber with ultraviolet light. A wall of the processing chamber has a stack structure including a first layer made of a fluororesin material and a second layer made of of an ultraviolet reflective material, the first layer being provided on the inner side of the processing chamber. The light source includes an aluminum gallium nitride (AlGaN) based ultraviolet light emitting device.