A method to separate and recover at least one metal from a source of oxidized and/or primary and secondary sulfide ores by determining and modifying the values of the dielectric constant of the minerals source.

The invention relates to a method for polymerizing and curing a dental polymerization composite resin using a light irradiating device, said light irradiating device comprising at least one blue LED with an emission peak at a wavelength between 430 nm and 490 nm and at least one ultraviolet or near-UV LED with an emission peak between 350 nm and 420 nm, the at least one blue LED is first operated without the at least one ultraviolet or near-UV LED, and the at least one ultraviolet or near-UV LED is operated later, wherein the power of the at least one blue LED and the power of the at least one ultraviolet or near-UV LED are controlled in a programmed manner based on time, and the light irradiated from the at least one blue LED and the at least one ultraviolet or near-UV LED of the light irradiating device is irradiated onto the dental polymerization composite resin, wherein the dental polymerization composite resin is thereby polymerized and cured.

The invention also relates to a light irradiating device for polymerizing and curing a dental polymerization composite resin, said light irradiating device having at least one blue LED with an emission peak at a wavelength between 430 nm and 490 nm and at least one ultraviolet or near-UV LED (2) with an emission peak between 350 nm and 420 nm, and a controller for temporally controlling the power of the at least one blue LED and for temporally controlling the power of the at least one ultraviolet or near-UV LED independently of each other, wherein the controller is designed, in particular programmed, to carry out such a method.

The present invention discloses high pressure flow reactor vessels and associated systems. Also disclosed are processes for producing thiol compounds and sulfide compounds utilizing these flow reactor vessels.

The present invention provides a chlorine dioxide generation unit that can release practically sufficient amount of chlorine dioxide for an extended period of time while being compact. The present invention provides a chlorine dioxide generation unit, characterized in that said unit comprises an agent storage space portion and at least two light source portions, said light source portion is for generating light consisting of wavelengths substantially in the visible region, said agent storage space portion stores an agent comprising solid chlorite, and said agent storage space portion comprises one or more openings so that air could move in and out of said agent storage space portion, wherein chlorine dioxide gas is generated by irradiating said light generated from said light source portion onto said agent present inside said agent storage space portion.

The present invention provides a photolytic converter for converting reactant molecules in a fluid sample into product molecules by photolytic dissociation with electromagnetic radiation. The converter has a reaction chamber in communication with one or more electromagnetic radiation sources, an inflow conduit for conveying the fluid sample into the reaction chamber, and an outflow conduit for conveying the fluid sample out of the reaction chamber into a receptacle, wherein at least one of the first and outflow conduits extends into the reaction chamber. The receptacle can comprise detection means for generating a signal indicative of a concentration of product molecules in the processed fluid sample.

Continuous photochemical production of high purity linear mercaptan and sulfide-containing compositions.

A gradual fiber cladding light stripper and its manufacturing method is disclosed to include an optical fiber that has a core, a cladding outside the core and an outer coating outside the cladding, the outer coating being removed by a preset cutting fixture to form a pre-stripping section, and a recoating section coated on the surface of the pre-stripping section at one time with a covering glue, the covering glue being irradiated and cured through a preset light curing device to form the recoating section with a gradual light stripping rate. The recoating section has a laser light input terminal with a relatively lower light stripping rate, and a laser light output terminal with a relatively higher light stripping rate.

The present disclosure provides an ultraviolet (UV) radiation apparatus, where the UV radiation apparatus includes a chamber containing substrates, a sample stage supporting the substrates, UV lamps emitting UV light arranged opposite to the sample stage, and a mirror reflective structure arranged in the chamber. The sample stage is positioned at a top of the chamber or a bottom of the chamber. The mirror reflective structure includes protrusions or recesses that are orderly arranged; the protrusions or the recesses reflect the UV light along all directions and the UV light is irradiated on the mirror reflective structure.

Provided is a method of forming a microsphere having a structural color, which includes providing a composition for generating a structural color including a curable material and magnetic nanoparticles dispersed in the curable material, forming an emulsion by adding the composition for generating a structural color to an immiscible solvent, arranging the magnetic nanoparticles located in the emulsion droplet of the curable material in a one-dimensional chain structure by applying a magnetic field to the emulsion, and fixing the chain structure by curing the emulsion droplet.

Disclosed is a method for the photoinitiated transformation of a transformable reactive substrate. The method includes an initial step in which a protected ketone photoinitiator species which is present in the substrate is deprotected to form the corresponding ketone photoinitiator species for use in a subsequent photoinitiated reaction in the method. The ketone group of the photoinitiator is protected by an unsubstituted 1, 3 dioxolane group. Also disclosed are a composition which may be used in the method, the use of the protected ketone photoinitiator in a photoinitiated reaction, as well as the protected ketone photoinitiators themselves.