A light irradiation device includes a light source having a plurality of solid-state elements disposed on a substrate to be defined by a first direction and a second direction in a plurality of rows and irradiate the irradiation target with light from a third direction, an optical element refracting light from the solid-state elements, emitting the light and narrowing a spread angle of light to be emitted from the solid-state elements relative to the third direction, a first reflection portion having at least two first reflection surfaces on a downstream side in the third direction of the irradiation target and reflecting a part of light incident on the first reflection surface to the irradiation target, and a second reflection portion having a pair of second reflection surfaces disposed between the optical element and the first reflection portion and guiding light from the optical element to the first reflection surface.

The invention provides an element (210) comprising: (i) an electrical component (1220); (ii) an optical medium (270) comprising medium material (275) comprising a silicone transmissive for one or more of UV radiation and visible radiation, wherein the electrical component (1220) is embedded in the optical medium (270); (iii) an electrical connector (510) for functionally coupling the electrical component (1220) external to the optical medium (270), wherein the electrical connector (510) is embedded in the optical medium (270) over at least part of its length; and (iv) a water barrier (530) at least partly embedded in the optical medium (270) and configured to enclose at least part of the electrical connector (510).

New compositions of matter and device constructs are disclosed in the form of diamond material layers or films having one or more surfaces treated with chemically active radicals, e.g., photo-radical or thermal-radical generators to reduce and stabilize their surface resistance. The compositions exhibit stable, markedly lower surface resistances, e.g., below about 3 k sq.sup.1 or between about 3 and 2 k sq.sup.1 or below 2 k sq.sup.1, or below 1 k sq.sup.1, or lower. In certain embodiments, the diamond material is a epitaxial layer grown on a substrate, e.g., by microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and can have a thickness ranging from about 1 nm to 1 mm, preferably from about 10 nm to 500 m, or from about 100 nm to 10 m. The invention also encompasses semiconductor devices fabricated from the surface-modified diamond materials disclosed herein. For example, device can be a field effect transistor in which the diamond material provides a hole conductivity channel between a source region and a drain region that is activated by a voltage applied to an intermediate gate region. Methods are also disclosed for modifying diamond surfaces to decrease and stabilize their surface resistance.

A sterilization apparatus is provided with: a light source, which has a semiconductor light-emitting element that emits ultraviolet light; a housing, which forms a flow passage through which a fluid subject to sterilization passes; a light receiving unit, which receives a portion of the ultraviolet light emitted from the light source and detects the amount of ultraviolet light that has been received; and a control unit, which controls the output of the semiconductor light-emitting element based on information regarding the amount of ultraviolet light acquired from the light receiving unit. The housing has an incidence portion on which ultraviolet light becomes incident and a reflection portion, which reflects the ultraviolet light at the inner surface thereof. The light receiving unit is provided at a position where the light receiving unit can receive the portion of ultraviolet light that has been transmitted through the reflection portion.

The present invention is directed to adjustable chromophore compounds and materials (e.g., ophthalmic lens materials) incorporating those compounds. The adjustable chromophore compounds include a chemical moiety that structurally changes upon exposure to predetermined electromagnetic radiation (e.g., two photon radiation) as well as lens materials, particularly intraocular lens materials that incorporate those compounds.

A method and a system for producing a change in a medium. The method places in a vicinity of the medium at least one energy modulation agent. The method applies an initiation energy to the medium. The initiation energy interacts with the energy modulation agent to directly or indirectly produce the change in the medium. The system includes an initiation energy source configured to apply an initiation energy to the medium to activate the energy modulation agent.

A beauty gel curing device includes a bottom seat and a main body detachably mounted on the bottom seat. The bottom seat includes a base frame having walls and an opening; a UV LED module having UV LED lamps; a top cover fixed on the base frame to form the main body. A control module is provided on the main body. A grip portion is disposed at a side of the main body. A battery unit is disposed in the main body. A charging port is disposed at a side of the bottom seat. The bottom seat and the main body are electrically connected and the battery unit in the main body is charged through the charging port.

The invention provides a vessel (1) comprising a hull (21) with a coating layer (100), the vessel (1) further comprising an anti-biofouling system (200) comprising an optical medium and a light source configured to provide UV radiation, wherein the optical medium (270) is transmissive for light, wherein the optical medium comprises a radiation escape surface and a second optical medium surface with at least part of the transmissive optical medium material configured between said radiation escape surface and said second optical medium surface, wherein the optical medium is configured adjacent to at least part of the coating layer with the second optical medium surface configured closer to the hull (21) than the radiation escape surface, wherein the anti-biofouling system (200) is configured to provide said UV-radiation downstream from said radiation escape surface in a direction away from said hull (21), and wherein the vessel (1) further comprises a pattern comprising colored segments and UV reflective segments with at least part of the transmissive optical medium material configured between said pattern and said radiation escape surface.

An apparatus includes a heat exchanger configured to transfer heat to a fluid and to absorb heat from the fluid as the fluid flows between a warm end and a cold end of a cryocooler. The heat exchanger includes at least one section having a substrate of at least one allotropic form of carbon and a layer of nanoparticles on or over the substrate. The heat exchanger could include multiple sections, and each section could include one of multiple substrates and one of multiple layers of nanoparticles. The heat exchanger can further include pores through the multiple sections of the heat exchanger, where the pores are configured to allow the fluid to flow through the heat exchanger and to contact the substrates and the layers of nanoparticles. The nanoparticles could include at least one lanthanide element or alloy, and the substrate could include carbon nanotubes or graphene.

A device and method is provided for converting oxygen within air into ozone. The device has a portable housing with an air inlet and an enhanced ozone air outlet. A lamp housing is positioned within the portable housing and has a plurality of UV lamps for emitting UV radiation, the plurality of UV lamps extending from one end of the lamp housing to the other in a generally parallel configuration. The device also has a blower positioned within the portable housing for moving the air into contact with UV radiation from the plurality of UV lamps. The device further includes a plurality of baffles positioned within the lamp housing for dispersing the air as the air moves through the lamp housing. The device can be used to eliminate odors and contaminants found in the air, as well as to eliminate oils and contaminants found in water and to kill insects.