A technology for curing a photocurable resin composition by ultraviolet ray/infrared ray hybrid irradiation is provided. An infrared ray irradiation is applied at least one of before or after the application of ultraviolet ray irradiation to a photocurable resin composition, from which volatile components have been removed by a heating process, to have the photocurable resin composition cured.

It becomes possible to relax the ultraviolet ray irradiation conditions for photo curing by applying an infrared ray irradiation as compared with the case in which the infrared ray irradiation is not applied, and, in particular, the scratch resistance characteristics of a cured film are significantly enhanced. Moreover, because of a combination of ultraviolet ray irradiation and infrared ray irradiation, the curing time period of a cured film can be reduced and/or stress relaxation effects can be produced. Besides, it becomes possible to control the reflectance of a cured film by varying an irradiation amount of infrared ray.

A combined catalyst and catalyst support comprising: a nanostructured solar selective support to which at least one catalyst is affixed; the catalyst comprising at least one material that activates chemical reactions that produce fuels; the nanostructured solar selective support comprising material that is highly absorbing over a portion of the solar spectrum and exhibits low emissivity toward thermal radiation and/or has a surface textured to lower emissivity; the combined catalyst and catalyst support exhibiting at least one of a photochemical effect and a photothermal effect; wherein these effects cause the chemical reaction rates to increase with exposure to an increasing number of incident photons within the solar spectrum.

A substance is treated using a device having: (a) a volute or cyclone head, (b) a throat connected to the volute or cyclone head, (c) a parabolic reflector connected to the throat, (d) a first wave energy source comprising a first electrode within the volute or cyclone head that extends through the outlet into the opening of the throat along the central axis, and a second electrode extending into the parabolic reflector and spaced apart and axially aligned with first electrode, and (e) a second wave energy source disposed inside the throat, embedded within the throat or disposed around the throat. The substance is directed to the inlet of the volute or cyclone head and irradiated with one or more wave energies produced by the first and second wave energy sources as the substance passes through the device.

A method of removing at least one single ring aromatic hydrocarbon from a hydrocarbon contaminated fluid. The method includes contacting the hydrocarbon contaminated fluid with carbon nanotubes to adsorb the at least one single ring aromatic hydrocarbon while exposing the hydrocarbon contaminated fluid and the carbon nanotubes to UV irradiation from at least one UV light source, preferably a UV light emitting diode (LED), with a wavelength of about 315-415 nm, preferably about 365 nm, to form a treated fluid having a reduced concentration of the at least one single ring aromatic hydrocarbon relative to the hydrocarbon contaminated fluid.

The invention concerns a composition comprising a mixture of zinc sulphide (ZnS) and molybdenum sulphide (MoS.sub.x), in which the Mo/Zn molar ratio is in the range 0.01 to 1.9. The invention also pertains to a process for its preparation as well as to its application in photocatalysis and more particularly to its application in photocatalysis for the production of dihydrogen from water (H.sub.2O) and/or hydrogen sulphide (H.sub.2S) and/or any other source of protons in the presence of a source emitting in the ultraviolet and/or visible spectrum.

The invention relates to an UV radiation device, comprising an LED comprising a nitridic material which is arranged to emit first UV radiation in a wavelength range of 200 nm-300 nm and a luminescent material doped with at least one of the following activators selected out of the group Eu.sup.2+, Ce.sup.3+, Pr.sup.3+, Nd.sup.3+, Gd.sup.3+, Tm.sup.3+, Sb.sup.3+, Tl.sup.+, Pb.sup.2+ and Bi.sup.3+, wherein the luminescent material is configured to convert at least a part of the primary UV radiation into secondary UV radiation, the primary UV radiation and the secondary UV radiation having a different spectral distribution.

A method of removing at least one single ring aromatic hydrocarbon from a hydrocarbon contaminated fluid. The method includes contacting the hydrocarbon contaminated fluid with carbon nanotubes to adsorb the at least one single ring aromatic hydrocarbon while exposing the hydrocarbon contaminated fluid and the carbon nanotubes to UV irradiation from at least one UV light source, preferably a UV light emitting diode (LED), with a wavelength of about 315-415 nm, preferably about 365 nm, to form a treated fluid having a reduced concentration of the at least one single ring aromatic hydrocarbon relative to the hydrocarbon contaminated fluid.

Provided are a photocatalyst having higher activity for hydrogen production through water splitting and a photoelectrode comprising the photocatalyst. The photocatalyst for water splitting of the present invention comprises a Ga selenide, an AgGa selenide, or both thereof.

Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) is processed to produce useful products, such as fuels. For example, systems can use feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials and/or starchy or sugary materials, to produce ethanol and/or butanol, e.g., by fermentation.

A method and system for UV detection of sterilant concentration and dissipation in a volume of a chamber may comprise focusing cameras on at least one point of an object in the chamber; transmitting UV light and sterilant into the chamber; scanning, using the cameras, the at least one point of the object and determining an amount of absorbance at the points; calculating, using the amount of absorbance, a concentration of the sterilant for each of the one or more points; and when the concentration is greater than a threshold, removing the sterilant from the volume. The sterilant may be hydrogen peroxide. The cameras may be stereoscopic cameras. The chamber may be partitioned into a grid of voxels for scanning.