A chemical reaction method having steps of preparing a chemical reaction apparatus by partitioning an inside of a horizontal flow reactor into multiple chambers by multiple partition plates, and flowing a liquid horizontally with an unfilled space being provided thereabove, generating microwaves with a microwave generator, and transmiting the microwaves, with at least one waveguide, to the unfilled space in the reactor. Also forming a top portion of the partition plates act as a weir, inclining the reactor such that, in each of the chambers, a weir height on the inlet side is higher than a weir height on the outlet side by at least an overflow depth at the partition plate on the outlet side, flowing content over each of the partition plates inside the reactor, and configuring the weir heights of the partition plates in the reactor are the same in a state where the reactor is not inclined.

In order to provide a treatment apparatus that can efficiently perform microwave irradiation, a treatment apparatus includes: a vessel made of a microwave-reflecting material, and having a first end and an irradiation opening portion, which is an emitting portion of microwaves that are emitted into the vessel; a first filter located so as to partition the vessel, and configured to separate solids that are to be separated, from the contents of the vessel; and a first reflecting member located closer to the first end than the emitting portion is and so as to partition the vessel, and configured to allow at least the contents having passed through the first filter to pass through the first reflecting member, and to reflect microwaves.

A distillation apparatus for use in microwave-assisted pyrolysis includes a microwave, a pyrolysis reactor, a microwave-absorbent bed, and a condenser. The pyrolysis reactor is located within the microwave and configured to receive a liquid input stream and to output a vapor. The microwave-absorbent bed is located within the pyrolysis reactor that converts microwave energy provided by the microwave to thermal energy to initiate pyrolysis within the pyrolysis reactor, wherein the pyrolysis reactor provides a vapor output. The condenser is configured to receive the vapor output of the pyrolysis reactor and to cool and condense the vapor into a recoverable product.

An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing conductive mayenite, with which a reaction is completed in a short time, an operation can be simplified, the reaction is easily controlled, and the cost of energy can be reduced. The present invention is a method for producing conductive mayenite, characterized by mixing a mayenite type compound with a carbon component, placing the resulting mixture in an airtight container, and irradiating the mixture with a microwave in an inert gas atmosphere or in a vacuum atmosphere to heat the mixture.

A system and method for increase chemical reaction rates and/or lower reaction temperatures. The system relates to a chemical reactor including non-electrically conducting support and an electron source in communication with the support. The reactor further includes an electromagnetic source in communication with at least the electron source and the non-electrically conducting support.

A TiO.sub.2-graphene-silver hybrid nanocomposite and a method of preparing the TiO.sub.2-graphene-silver hybrid nanocomposite is disclosed. The TiO.sub.2-graphene-silver hybrid nanocomposite at an average particle size ranging from 12-15 nanometers and having a surface area of 140.5 m.sup.2/g includes titanium oxide, graphene oxide and silver, the silver ranging from about 2 weight % to 10 weight %. The method of preparation includes introducing sol gel to a microwave irradiation to prepare an irradiated sample of TiO.sub.2-graphene oxide sample, wherein the sol gel includes TiO.sub.2 containing gel along with graphene containing sol, followed by adding AgNO.sub.3 solution to the TiO.sub.2-graphene oxide sample for preparing a TiO.sub.2-graphene-silver hybrid suspension. The TiO.sub.2-graphene-silver hybrid suspension undergoes microwave irradiation to prepare dried TiO.sub.2-graphene-silver hybrid composite.

A non-thermal plasma is generated to selectively convert a precursor to a product. More specifically, plasma forming material and a precursor material are provided to a reaction zone of a vessel. The reaction zone is exposed to microwave radiation, including exposing the plasma forming material and the precursor material to the microwave radiation. The exposure of the plasma forming material to the microwave radiation selectively converts the plasma forming material to a non-thermal plasma including formation of one or more streamers. The precursor material is mixed with the plasma forming material and the precursor material is exposed to the non-thermal plasma including exposing the precursor material to the one or more streamers. The exposure of the precursor material to the streamers and the microwave radiation selectively converts the precursor material to a product.

A gas reactor system may be configured for facilitating chemical reactions of gases using shockwaves produced in a supersonic gaseous vortex. The system may include a gas source to provide a gas to a heater and/or a reactor. The reactor may be configured to facilitate chemical reactions of gases using shockwaves created in a supersonic gaseous vortex. The reactor may be arranged with a gas inlet to introduce a high-velocity steam of gas into a chamber of the reactor. The gas inlet may effectuate a vortex of supersonic circulating gas within the chamber. The vortex may rotate at supersonic speed about the longitudinal axis of the chamber. The system may be configured to store an output product of the reactor in a storage tank in fluid communication with the reactor.

A system for and method of cleaving a bond between a first atom and a second atom in a molecule of a material are presented. One embodiment of the technique includes selecting a first electromagnetic radiation frequency, the first electromagnetic radiation frequency including a product of a golden mean and a base frequency associated with at least one of the first atom and the second atom. Such an embodiment further includes directing a first electromagnetic radiation at the material, where the first electromagnetic radiation has a frequency equal to the first electromagnetic radiation frequency, and where the first electromagnetic radiation frequency is sufficient to cleave the bond between the first atom and the second atom.

Apparatus for applying electromagnetic energy at a frequency or frequencies in a frequency range of 1 MHz-100 GHz to an object in a cavity. The apparatus includes a source of electromagnetic energy and a processor configured to acquire information indicative of a spatial location of the object in the cavity, identify a first set of frequency and phase values, the first set being associated with a first field pattern having a first high-intensity region corresponding to a first area of the spatial location of the object, identify a second set of frequency and phase values, the second set being associated with a second field pattern having a second high-intensity region corresponding to a second area of the spatial location of the object, wherein the first area is different from the second area and control the source, in accordance with the first and second sets of frequency and phase values, to apply electromagnetic energy to the first and second areas.