The present invention generally relates to artificial photosystems and methods of their use, for example in artificial photosynthesis, wherein the artificial photosystems comprise one or more light-harvesting antenna (LHA) comprising a conjugated polyelectrolyte (CPE) complex (CPEC) comprising a donor CPE and an acceptor CPE, wherein the donor CPE and acceptor CPE are an electronic energy transfer (EET) donor/acceptor pair.

The invention provides a reactor assembly (1) comprising a reactor (30), wherein the reactor (30) is configured for hosting a fluid (100) to be treated with light source radiation (11) selected from one or more of UV radiation, visible radiation, and IR radiation, wherein the reactor (30) comprises a reactor wall (35) which is transmissive for the light source radiation (11), wherein: the reactor (30) is a tubular reactor (130), and wherein the reactor wall (35) defines the tubular reactor (130); the tubular reactor (130) is configured in a tubular arrangement (1130); the reactor assembly (1) further comprises a reactor support element (40), wherein the reactor support element (40) comprises a track (42), wherein the track (42) partly encloses the tubular reactor (130), wherein the reactor support element (40) comprises a thermally conductive element (2), and wherein the tubular reactor (130) is configured in thermal contact with the thermally conductive element (2).

A method of charging and/or discharging energy in reusable fuel workpieces or particles includes a solar furnace with counter-flowing workpieces and gas, to exchange heat therebetween, with the exiting gas and workpieces being at about ambient temperature. A further aspect employs a production plant including a reduction reactor configured to use excess electrical energy generated by renewable power generators to charge and/or discharge solid-state thermochemical fuel. Another aspect includes a fuel flow control valve using air pulses. An oxygen-deprived and reusable fuel, such as magnesium manganese oxide, or magnesium iron oxide, is also provided. In another aspect, an apparatus for producing a solid-state fuel includes a reduction reactor including a reactor chamber configured to receive concentrated solar energy, and a reactor tube having a recuperation zone, a reduction zone, and a quenching zone, wherein the reduction zone passes through the reactor chamber. A discharged solid-state fuel is configured to be fed down the reactor tube and a low-oxygen gas is configured to flow up the reactor tube.

The invention relates to a lighting device, to the use of the lighting device in a photochemical reaction, to a photochemical reactor and to a method used by the lighting device. The lighting device 100 comprises an LED unit 110 configured to emit light 114 to be used in the photochemical reaction, a housing 120 configured to house the LED unit, wherein at least a part of the housing is transparent for light to be used in the photochemical reaction, wherein the housing is configured to contain a dielectric liquid transparent for light generated by the LED unit such that it is in direct contact with at least a part of the light emitting side of the LED unit, and a liquid movement arrangement 130 configured to support a movement of the dielectric liquid such that the dielectric liquid transports heat produced by the LED unit away from the LED unit.

The present invention relates to a process for preparing bromotrichloromethane comprising a) providing bromine in chloroform; and b) radiation of the resulting solution with light in the range of 350 to 550 nm, wherein said solution of bromine in chloroform is not radiated with radiation of a wavelength below 350 nm.

Methods for the fabrication of transparent conductive metal nanowire networks are provided, as well as metal nanowire networks fabricated by such methods. A metal nanowire network can be immersed in a solution and illuminated for a duration of time. Selective nucleation and growth of metal nanoparticles can be induced at the junctions between metal nanowires.

Provided are a photoirradiation device equipped with: a first optically transparent container for covering a light-emitting body provided with light-emitting diodes; a liquid phase section provided on the outside thereof and formed from a liquid having a refractive index closer to that of the first optically transparent container than that of a gas forming a gas phase section inside the first optically transparent container; and a second optically transparent container for covering the liquid phase section, a photoreaction method using the photoirradiation device, and a method for producing lactam by using the photoreaction method. The reflection of light between a target liquid and a light-emitting diode light source is suppressed, and a desired photoirradiation can be achieved with a high optical transparency.

Disclosed herein is a solar thermochemical reactor comprising an outer member, an inner member disposed within an outer member, wherein the outer member surrounds the inner member and wherein the outer member has an aperture for receiving solar radiation and wherein an inner cavity and an outer cavity are formed by the inner member and outer member and a reactive material capable of being magnetically stabilized wherein the reactive material is disposed in the outer cavity between the inner member and the outer member.

Disclosed herein is a solar reactor comprising a reactor member; an aperture for receiving solar radiation, the aperture being disposed in a plane on a wall of the reactor member, where the plane is oriented at any angle other than parallel relative to the centerline of the reactor member; a plurality of absorber tubes, wherein the absorber tubes are oriented such that their respective centerlines are at an angle other than 90° relative to the centerline of the reactor member; and wherein the aperture has a hydraulic diameter that is from 0.2 to 4 times a hydraulic diameter of at least one absorber tube in the plurality of absorber tubes; and a reactive material, the reactive material being disposed in the plurality of absorber tubes.

Provided is a photochemical reaction device wherein two partitions formed from an optically transparent material are arranged apart from each other between a light source and a reaction liquid, and an optically transparent fluid introduction/discharge means for introducing an optically transparent fluid between the partitions and discharging the fluid and a state change detection means for detecting a change in the state of the optically transparent fluid at the discharge side of the optically transparent fluid introduction/discharge means are provided. Also provided are a photochemical reaction method that uses the photochemical reaction device and a lactam production method that uses the photochemical reaction method. The present invention prevents decreases in the performance of the light source even when the optically transparent material in the photochemical reaction device is damaged, and makes it possible to reliably prevent ignition even if the reaction liquid is a flammable liquid.