A bimetallic catalyst composition containing a mesh substrate having supported thereon an alumina washcoat on which are impregnated bimetallic particles of rhodium and ruthenium in specified amounts. A process for the catalytic partial oxidation of a hydrocarbon, such as methane or natural gas, involving contacting the hydrocarbon with an oxidant in the presence of the aforementioned bimetallic catalyst under reaction conditions sufficient to produce synthesis gas, that is, to a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide.

An apparatus includes an integrated heat exchanger and reactor module. The integrated heat exchanger and reactor module includes a heat exchanger channel, and a reactor channel which is thermally coupled to the heat exchanger channel. The reactor channel includes a layer of catalyst material that is configured to produce hydrogen by endothermic catalytic decomposition of ammonia, which flows through the reactor channel, using thermal energy that is absorbed by the reactor channel from the heat exchanger channel.

A method of synthesizing a doped carbonaceous material includes mixing a carbon precursor material with at least one dopant to form a homogeneous/heterogeneous mixture; and subjecting the mixture to pyrolysis in an inert atmosphere to obtain the doped carbonaceous material. A method of purifying water includes providing an amount of the doped carbonaceous material in the water as a photocatalyst; and illuminating the water containing the doped carbonaceous material with visible light such that under visible light illumination, the doped carbonaceous material generates excitons (electron-hole pairs) and has high electron affinity, which react with oxygen and water adsorbed on its surface forming reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as hydroxyl radicals and superoxide radicals, singlet oxygen, hydrogen peroxide, that, in turn, decompose pollutants and micropollutants.

The invention provides a catalyst for ammonia synthesis which has a high ammonia synthesis activity even at a low reaction temperature and a low reaction pressure and shows no decrease in the catalytic activity even when the synthesis reaction is repeated. The catalyst for ammonia synthesis comprises a metal supported material containing a transition metal and a support for supporting the transition metal. The support contains a metal hydride represented by XH.sub.n and an F ion. In the formula, X represents at least one kind selected from the group consisting of atoms of Group 2 and Group 3 of the periodic table, and lanthanoid atoms; and n represents a number represented by 2≤n≤3.

The present invention is related to an oxynitride-hydride which is capable of achieving both stabilization and improvement of catalyst performance when used as a support, and the oxynitride-hydride can be easily synthesized. The oxynitride-hydride is represented by the following general formula (1),

A.sub.nB.sub.mO.sub.l-xN.sub.yH.sub.z  (1) wherein in the general formula (1), x represents a number represented by 0.1≤x≤3.5; y represents a number represented by 0.1≤y≤2.0; and z represents a number represented by 0.1≤z≤2.0.

Disclosed herein are processes for the decarboxylation, isomerization, hydrogenation, dehydrogenation, and cyclization/aromatization of fatty acids involving contacting a starting material which is an unsaturated fatty acid, unsaturated fatty acid derivative, or an unsaturated triglyceride, in the presence of a catalyst at a temperature at which decarboxylation, isomerization, hydrogenation, dehydrogenation, and cyclization/aromatization occurs and recovering the unsaturated organic compound product; wherein the catalyst is chloro-1,5-cyclooctadiene iridium (I) dimer. The product may contain at least about 8% by volume aromatic content and less than about 25% by volume aromatic content, and wherein the product contains less than about 1% by volume of naphthalenes.

A method for manufacturing a hydrocarbon compound from carbon dioxide, said method including: (a) a step of preparing an absorption-conversion catalyst that includes an oxide carrier, a first component supported on the oxide carrier and including at least one type of metal selected from the group consisting of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, and a second component supported on the oxide carrier and including at least one type of metal selected from the group consisting of Ni, Fe, Co, Cu, and Ru; (b) a step of bringing the absorption-conversion catalyst and a carbon dioxide-including gas into contact under higher pressure than atmospheric pressure, and causing the carbon dioxide to be stored in the absorption-conversion catalyst; and (c) a step of bringing the absorption-conversion catalyst that has the carbon dioxide stored therein and a reducing gas into contact under higher pressure than atmospheric pressure, and obtaining the hydrocarbon compound.

The present invention provides a process for the synthesis of furan dicarboxylic acid (FDCA) from glucose or crude hydroxy methyl furfural (HMF) using mixed metal oxides catalyst. The present invention further provides a process for preparation of the mixed metal oxides catalyst.

Disclosed herein, inter alia, are novel nickel-ruthenium-magnesium oxide catalyst compositions and methods of making and using the same. The catalysts provide for improved methanation activity of syngas (CO+H.sub.2) and producer gas in, for example, a fixed-bed reactor. In this manner, the CO conversion and CH.sub.4 yield can be maximized in methanation reactions.

Neuroactive steroid anaesthetic agents, methods for their preparation and compositions comprising the same are disclosed. Also provided are scaled up and/or GMP methods for preparing neuroactive steroids, such as alfaxalone, alfadolone and alfadolone acetate.