This invention relates to a supported catalyst for synthesizing ammonia (NH.sub.3) from nitrogen gas (N.sub.2) and hydrogen gas (H.sub.2), method of making the support, and methods of decorating the support with the catalyst.

The present invention relates to a method for preparing 1,3-cyclopentanediol by adding a ruthenium catalyst, from which the surface oxide layer is removed, to 4-hydroxy-2-cyclopentenone. The method is simple since 1,3-cyclopentanediol can be prepared in a single step through the use of the catalyst, without forming 3-hydroxycyclopentanone, which is a reaction intermediate, and moreover, the method can not only shorten a reaction time, but can also improve a yield of 1,3-cyclopentanediol.

A provided ammonia synthesis catalyst is a composite catalyst including: a catalyst exhibiting catalytic activity for synthesis of ammonia; and a support supporting the catalyst. The support includes a hydrogen storage material. The hydrogen storage material is, for example, a hydrogen storage metal. The hydrogen storage metal is, for example, a hydrogen storage alloy. The hydrogen storage alloy is, for example, a solid solution. The hydrogen storage alloy is, for example, a Ti—Mn-based alloy. The catalyst includes, for example, a transition metal. The transition metal is, for example, at least one selected from the group consisting of Ru, Co, Ni, Fe, Mn, V, and Ti.

Catalysts for NH.sub.3 cracking and/or synthesis generally include barium calcium aluminum oxide compounds decorated with ruthenium, cobalt, or both. These catalysts can be bonded to a metal structure, which improves thermal conductivity and gas conductance.

This invention provides a reversible hydrogen loading and discharging system and a reversible method for loading and discharging hydrogen. The system and the methods of this invention comprise ethylene glycol as a liquid organic hydrogen carrier and at least one transition metal. By reacting ethylene glycol with at least one transition metal; at least one hydrogen molecule and at least one oligoester of ethylene glycol are formed (hydrogen releasing)⋅, and by reacting at least one oligoester of ethylene glycol with at least one transition metal and at least one hydrogen molecule, at least one ethylene glycol is formed (hydrogen loading).

An alloy composed of three or more types of elements, wherein all the standard deviation of distribution in the alloy of each element constituting the alloy are 15 atomic % or less provides a novel alloy composed of three or more types of elements and having a high solid solution uniformity.

A method for ammonia decomposition is disclosed. The method may comprise providing a catalyst comprising an zirconia support and a layer adjacent to the support. The layer comprises a tetragonal phase comprising zirconium, cerium, and oxygen, an oxide of at least one of an alkali metal and a rare earth metal, and an active metal. The method may comprise bringing the catalyst in contact with ammonia at a temperature of from about 400° C. to 700° C. to generate a reformate stream comprising hydrogen and nitrogen at an ammonia conversion efficiency of at least about 70%. The method may comprise directing the hydrogen to generate electricity. The method may comprise generating heat for a reformer comprising the catalyst by combustion of gases or by electricity generated from hydrogen.

The present invention relates to a process for preparing a pre-reforming catalyst having resistance to deactivation by passage of steam in the absence of a reducing agent comprising ruthenium and an alumina support. Furthermore, the Ru/alumina catalyst according to the present invention becomes much more resistant to deposition of coke with the addition of Ag.

The present invention is directed to a method and system for enhancing the production of ammonia from gaseous hydrogen and nitrogen. Advantageously, the method and system does not emit carbon gases during production. The method and system enhances the production of ammonia compared to traditional Haber-Bosch reactions.

A single-atom catalyst for use in a water splitting process includes at least one support material and at least one metal catalyst deposited on the surface of the at least one support material. The at least one support material is made of tungsten carbide obtained from a tungstate-metal-aryl compound precursor, and the at least one metal catalyst is selected from a group including Fe, Ni, Mn, Co, Cu, Zn, V, Ru, Ir, Ca, Pd, Pt or combinations thereof.