Provided is a composite body that includes halloysite powder including a granule in which halloysite including a halloysite nanotube is aggregated, and a transition metal catalyst carried in the halloysite powder. The granule preferably includes a first pore derived from a tube hole of the halloysite nanotube, and a second pore different from the first pore. The transition metal catalyst preferably includes at least one element selected from the group consisting of iron, ruthenium, cobalt, nickel and silver.

The present specification discloses a membrane reactor comprising a reaction region; a permeate region; and a composite membrane disposed at a boundary of the reaction region and the permeate region, wherein the reaction region comprises a bed filled with a catalyst for dehydrogenation reaction, wherein the composite membrane comprises a support layer including a metal with a body-centered-cubic (BCC) crystal structure, and a catalyst layer including a palladium (Pd) or a palladium alloy formed onto the support layer, wherein ammonia (NH.sub.3) is supplied to the reaction region, the ammonia is converted into hydrogen (H.sub.2) by the dehydrogenation reaction in the presence of the catalyst for dehydrogenation reaction, and the hydrogen permeates the composite membrane and is emitted from the membrane reactor through the permeate region.

Provided is a heterogeneous catalyst for preparing a dicarboxylic acid aromatic heterocyclic compound, the heterogeneous catalyst including an active metal; and a basic metal oxide carrier capable of carrying the active metal and forming a complex by coordinate bonding with the dicarboxylic acid aromatic heterocyclic compound.

A composite oxide including an oxide of a metal element L and an oxide of a metal element N, and represented by a composition of general formula L.sub.nN.sub.1-n, wherein the metal element L is a Group 1 element, a Group 2 element, or a Group 1 element and a Group 2 element, the metal element N comprises a Group 1 or Group 2 element other than the metal element L, n is 0.001 or more and 0.300 or less, the oxide of the metal element L and the oxide of the metal element N form no solid solution, and oxide particles of the metal element L are deposited on surfaces of oxide particles of the metal element N. Also, a metal-carrier material and an ammonia synthesis catalyst having, supported on this composite oxide, particles of at least one metal M selected from the group consisting of cobalt, iron, and nickel.

Provided herein are compounds, compositions, systems, and methods for photoactivatable labeling, which can be actuated within biological systems. In particular, compounds disclosed herein include vinyl-extended-aryl azide moieties that undergo photoactivation to generate reactive intermediates, which can form covalent linkages with biomolecules. The photoactivation can be conducted by a variety of mechanisms including ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, visible light irradiation, or energy transfer (e.g., from a photocatalyst). The compounds also include functional moieties that provide useful functionalities, for example detection of biomolecules, such as fluorophores, capture elements (e.g., biotin), or reactive moieties (e.g., click handles) and bifunctional moieties comprising a bioactive compound and a detection/capture element.

The present invention refers to a catalytic system comprising a transition metal compound on a solid carrier, wherein the content of the transition metal compound on the surface of the solid carrier is from 0.1 to 30 wt.-%, based on the dry weight of the solid carrier. Furthermore, the present invention refers to a method for manufacturing the catalytic system, the use of the inventive catalytic system in a chemical reaction, the use of a solid carrier loaded with a transition metal compound as a catalyst and to granules mouldings or extrudates comprising the catalytic system.

A general and controlled method for synthesizing amorphous Pd-based nanoparticles is provided. The provided method comprises: dissolving a Pd precursor in a first solvent to form a first solution; mixing the first solution with a second solvent to form a first mixture; adding surfactant into the first mixture to form a second mixture; heating the second mixture to render a second solution; adding other metal precursor into the second solution to form a third mixture; heating the third mixture to render a third solution; naturally cooling down the third solution; adding ethanol to the third solution to form a fourth solution; and collecting the amorphous Pd-based nanoparticles from the fourth solution. The provided method allows tuning of the phase of Pd-based nanoparticles to obtain amorphous Pd-based nanocatalysts to efficiently switch the ring-opening route of epoxides for the synthesis of distinct targeted chemicals and modulating of the catalytic performance thereof in electrochemical hydrogen emission reactions.

A core-shell copolymer, a method of making the same, and a thermoplastic resin including the same are disclosed herein. In some embodiments, a core-shell copolymer including a core and a shell surrounding the core, wherein the core includes a first alkyl(meth)acrylate monomer-derived repeating unit having 1 to 8 carbon atoms and a terminal-modified polydimethylsiloxane crosslinking agent-derived crosslinking part wherein the terminal-modified polydimethylsiloxane crosslinking agent includes a second alkyl(meth)acrylate monomer-derived modified part at both terminals of the polydimethylsiloxane.

Provided are a supported metal material showing high catalytic activity, a supported metal catalyst, a method of producing ammonia and a method of producing hydrogen using the supported metal catalyst, and a method of producing a cyanamide compound. The supported metal material of the present invention is a supported metal material in which a transition metal is supported on a support, and the support is a cyanamide compound represented by the following general formula (1): MCN.sub.2 (1), wherein M represents a group II element of the periodic table, and the specific surface area of the cyanamide compound is 1 m.sup.2 g.sup.−1 or more.

This disclosure provides compositions and methods directed to thermally stable catalyst systems, which display stable physical properties and/or stable catalytic properties after thermal pretreatment at a temperature in the range of about 600° C. to about 1000° C. The catalyst systems include metal particles which contain a stable metal and a catalytic metal deposited on a porous support. Embodiments of the disclosure include catalyst systems that can be used in high temperature applications such as the hybrid sulfur cycle. The hybrid sulfur cyclic is an elevated temperature and high acid reaction that may be conducted using concentrated sulfuric acid heated to 800° C. Embodiments of the disclosure can provide thermally stable catalysts and methods to produce thermally stable catalysts that remain active for at least 80 hours' exposure to these harsh conditions.