A nitrous oxide (N.sub.2O) removal catalyst composition for treating an exhaust stream of an internal combustion engine is provided, containing a platinum group metal (PGM) component on a metal oxide-based support, wherein the N.sub.2O removal catalyst composition is in a substantially reduced form, such that it has an oxygen deficiency of about 0.05 mmol oxygen atoms/g or greater, and wherein the N.sub.2O removal catalyst composition provides effective removal of at least a portion of N.sub.2O from the exhaust stream under lean conditions at a temperature of about 350 C. or lower. N.sub.2O removal catalytic articles, systems, and methods are also provided for removing at least a portion of N.sub.2O from an exhaust stream under lean, low temperature conditions.

A process for the production of glycols is provided, the process comprising the steps of: (i) contacting a saccharide-containing feedstock with a catalyst system in a reactor in the presence of a reaction medium, a buffer system for controlling the pH within the reactor, and hydrogen; (ii) withdrawing a reactor product stream from the reactor; (iii) separating the reactor product stream into at least a glycol product stream and a hydrocarbon heavies stream; and (iv) recycling the hydrocarbon heavies stream at least partially back to the reactor; wherein components of the buffer system withdrawn from the reactor in the reactor product stream separate with the heavies stream and are recycled therewith.

An exhaust gas post processing apparatus of a gasoline vehicle may include a housing mounted on the exhaust pipe to receive the exhaust gas discharged from the engine and to exhaust the exhaust gas passed through rearward thereof, a front end honeycomb catalyst unit embedded in the housing to primarily purify the exhaust gas introduced into the housing through a front end portion of the housing, and a rear end honeycomb catalyst unit embedded in the housing to secondarily purify the exhaust gas via the front end honeycomb catalyst unit before flowing out to a rear end portion of the housing, wherein the front end honeycomb catalyst unit includes a powder type catalyst in which an iridium-ruthenium alloy is supported on an aluminum oxide support powder, and the rear end honeycomb catalyst unit includes three-way catalyst powder which is configured to remove carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and hydrocarbons simultaneously.

Exhaust gas systems include an oxidation catalyst (OC) capable of receiving exhaust gas and oxidizing one or more of combustible hydrocarbons (HC) and one or more nitrogen oxide (NOx) species, a selective catalytic reduction device (SCR) disposed downstream from and in fluid communication with the OC via a conduit, and an electrically heated catalyst (EHC) disposed at least partially within the conduit downstream from the OC and upstream from the SCR. The EHC comprises a heating element having an outer surface including one or more second oxidation catalyst materials capable of oxidizing CO, HC, and one or more NOx species. The OC includes one or more storage materials individually or collectively capable of storing NOx and/or HC species. Exhaust gas can be supplied by an internal combustion engine which can optionally power a vehicle.

A nitrous oxide (N.sub.2O) removal catalyst composite is provided, comprising a N.sub.2O removal catalytic material on a substrate, the catalytic material comprising a rhodium (Rh) component supported on a ceria-based support, wherein the catalyst composite has a H.sub.2-consumption peak of about 100 C. or less as measured by hydrogen temperature-programmed reduction (H.sub.2-TPR). Methods of making and using the same are also provided.

The present disclosure relates to a photocurable polysiloxane composition for 3D printing and a dental model including the same. In regard to the photocurable composition for 3D printing, including a novel polysiloxane compound according to one aspect, the cured product thereof exhibits excellent properties in terms of hardness, strength, elongation, coloring resistance against heat, coloring resistance against light, flexural properties, and biocompatibility, and thus the cured product is appropriate for use as a dental material. In addition, since the photocurable composition is liquid and thus the molecular weight and viscosity thereof is easily controllable, the photocurable composition is suitable for a 3D printing process.

A catalyst comprising a functionalized substrate having a first charged functional group, a metal dispersed on the substrate, wherein the metal comprises at least one of Pt, Rh, Pd, Ag, Au, Ni, Os, Ir, Mn, Co, alloys thereof, oxides thereof, or mixtures thereof, and an ionomer are disclosed. Methods manufacturing a functionalized catalyst comprising catalyzing a substrate with a metal, functionalizing the catalyzed substrate with a first charged functional group, and add an ionomer to the loaded functionalized catalyst are also disclosed. Also, methods comprising catalyzing a substrate with a metal, functionalizing the substrate with a first charged functional group, and adding an ionomer to the loaded functionalized catalyst are disclosed.

Provided are an anode for alkaline water electrolysis that can achieve a low overpotential at low cost, and a method for producing the anode for alkaline water electrolysis. An anode for alkaline water electrolysis having electrode catalyst layers 2, 3 composed of a first catalyst component having either a nickel-cobalt spinel oxide or a lanthanide-nickel-cobalt perovskite oxide and a second catalyst component having at least one of iridium oxide and ruthenium oxide formed on the surface of a conductive substrate 1 composed of nickel or a nickel-based alloy, and a method for producing the anode for alkaline water electrolysis.

A catalyst comprising particles of iridium oxide and a metal oxide (M oxide), wherein the metal oxide is selected from the group consisting of a Group 4 metal oxide, a Group 5 metal oxide, a Group 7 metal oxide and antimony oxide, wherein the catalyst is prepared by subjecting a precursor mixture to flame spray pyrolysis, wherein the precursor mixture comprises a solvent, an iridium oxide precursor and a metal oxide precursor is disclosed. The catalyst has particular use in catalysing the oxygen evolution reaction.

Methods, compositions, and articles of manufacture for alkane activation with single- or bi-metallic catalysts on crystalline mixed oxide supports.