To provide a photocatalyst decomposition apparatus that can supply a liquid phase containing a substance to be decomposed by a photocatalyst and that can perform decomposition of the substance more efficiently than in the related art. A photocatalyst decomposition system according to the invention includes: a gas phase generation apparatus configured to convert a liquid phase containing a decomposition object into a gas phase; and a photocatalyst member configured to come into contact with the gas phase to decompose the decomposition object by light from a light source. The photocatalyst member includes a base material formed of a porous material and a photocatalyst layer provided on a surface of the base material.

Core-shell nanoparticulate compositions and methods for making the same are disclosed. In some embodiments core-shell nanoparticulate compositions comprise transition metal core encapsulated by metal oxide shell. Methods of catalysis comprising core-shell nanoparticulate compositions of the invention are disclosed. Compositions comprising core-shell nanoparticles displayed on a metal-oxide support and methods for preparing the same are also disclosed. In some embodiments compositions comprise core-shell nanoparticles displayed as a substantially single layer superposed on a metal oxide support. Methods of catalysis employing the supported core-shell nanoparticles are disclosed.

Provided are alloys of formula (I), Ir.sub.zPd.sub.xRu.sub.y, wherein x is the atomic % of palladium (Pd) present, y is the atomic % of ruthenium (Ru) present, Z is the atomic % of iridium (Ir) present, and 0x20, 10y90, and, 10z90. Electrocatalysts, devices, and processes employing the alloys are also provided.

Disclosed herein is a catalyst for producing biodiesel, including a carrier having water resistance and an active component supported on the carrier and used in a hydrotreating reaction or a decarboxylation reaction. Since the catalyst for producing biodiesel includes a carrier having strong water resistance, the deactivation of the catalyst due to the water produced through a process of producing HBD can be prevented, thus remarkably improving the long term stability of a catalyst.

Disclosed is a direct synthesis method of nanostructured catalyst particles on surfaces of various supports. In the disclosed synthesis method of a catalyst structure having a plurality of nanostructured catalyst particles dispersed in a support by a one-step process using a high-temperature high-pressure closed reactor, the one-step process includes supplying the support and a catalyst source into the high-temperature high-pressure closed reactor; supplying an atmosphere forming gas of the reactor into the reactor; perfectly sealing the high-temperature high-pressure closed reactor and heating the reactor to produce the catalyst structure in the reactor under self-generated pressure and synthesis temperature conditions, the catalyst structure including the plurality of nanostructured catalyst particles dispersed in the support; removing internal gases of the reactor to allow the reactor to be in a high-temperature, atmospheric pressure state and supplying an inert gas into the reactor to remove unreacted materials and byproducts remaining in the reactor; and cooling the reactor to room temperature while supplying the inert gas to synthesize the catalyst structure.

The present disclosure provides a process for converting plastic comprising a polyolefin polymer to a lubricant. The process comprises contacting the plastic with a catalyst represented by

A/[R.sub.mQ.sub.n].

Provided herein is a device for removing residual hydrogen peroxide or hydrazine from an effluent gas stream which includes a metal oxide scrubber material configured to react with residual process gases under increased temperatures. Also provided are systems and methods of using the same.

Provided are: an exhaust gas treatment catalyst capable of improving NO conversion rate when performing denitrification using CO as a reducing agent, and improving CO oxidation rate when oxidizing CO present in the exhaust gas; a method for producing an exhaust gas treatment catalyst; and an exhaust gas treatment system. The exhaust gas treatment catalyst is a catalyst which uses CO as a reducing agent to treat exhaust gas from a sintering furnace, and contains: a support that is a metal oxide or metal sulfate; and an active metal containing at least iridium supported by the support, wherein the specific surface area of the catalyst is 100 m.sup.2/g or less, and the crystallite size of iridium in the catalyst is 10-25 nm.

A method of producing -caprolactam from 3-oxoadipic acid includes: step 1 of mixing at least one selected from the group consisting of 3-oxoadipic acid and salts thereof with a catalyst and a solvent in the presence of hydrogen to produce 3-hydroxyadipic acid; and step 2 of reacting the 3-hydroxyadipic acid which is a product of step 1, a salt or carboxylic acid derivative thereof, or a mixture of these with hydrogen and ammonia.

Provided herein are systems, methods, and compositions for bioluminescence-triggered catalysis of bioorthogonal labeling chemistries in a proximity dependent manner. In particular, provided herein are bioluminescent proteins or complexes, luminophore substrates thereof, photocatalysts or photosensitizers, activatable labels, and systems thereof, and methods of catalytically activating the activatable labels via bioluminescence-triggered catalysis.