A nitrous oxide (N.sub.2O) removal catalyst composite is provided, comprising a N.sub.2O removal catalytic material on a substrate, the catalytic material comprising a rhodium (Rh) component supported on a ceria-based support, wherein the catalyst composite has a H.sub.2-consumption peak of about 100° C. or less as measured by hydrogen temperature-programmed reduction (H.sub.2-TPR). Methods of making and using the same are also provided.

The present invention provides materials for improving the ignition of gaseous reactants in metal catalyzed oxidation reactions comprising a metal catalyst gauze, preferably, a platinum/rhodium catalyst gauze, having in contact therewith, from 0.5 to 1.5 wt. %, based on the weight of the metal catalyst gauze, of one or more pieces of previously used metal catalyst gauze. Further, methods of making the metal catalyst materials comprise shaping the pieces of previously used metal catalyst gauze and placing them equidistant from each other in contact with or on the surface of the metal catalyst gauze. And methods of using the materials comprise feeding into the reactor a gas mixture of oxygen or air and one or more reactant gases, and igniting the gas mixture at the surface of one or more or all of the pieces of previously used metal catalyst.

Provided is a method capable of industrially efficiently producing acetic acid yielding a good potassium permanganate test result, without costing much. In the acetic acid production method, (1) by-produced acetaldehyde is industrially advantageously removed from a process stream, and (2) a crotonaldehyde concentration in an acetic acid stream from a light ends column is controlled to a specific level or lower, and/or a reflux ratio at a second distillation column is controlled to 0.1 or more. In addition, (3) the method includes the step of subjecting at least one of an aqueous phase and an organic phase of a light ends column overhead condensate to distillation in a crotonaldehyde-removing column; the light ends column is operated at a reflux ratio of 2 or more (when the aqueous phase is refluxed); and the crotonaldehyde-removing column is operated so as to meet a specific condition(s).

A nitrous oxide (N.sub.2O) removal catalyst composite is provided, comprising a N.sub.2O removal catalytic material on a substrate, the catalytic material comprising a rhodium (Rh) component supported on a ceria-based support, wherein the catalyst composite has a H.sub.2-consumption peak of about 100° C. or less as measured by hydrogen temperature-programmed reduction (H.sub.2-TPR). Methods of making and using the same are also provided.

A process for producing a dimethylchlorosilane compound of formula (2) below:

##STR00001## wherein X represents a halogen atom or an acyloxy group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, the process including the step of: reacting an allyl compound of formula (1) below:

##STR00002## wherein X has a meaning same as above, with dimethylchlorosilane in presence of an iridium catalyst, wherein the dimethylchlorosilane has a content of 1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane of 5.0 wt % or less.

A method for manufacturing a catalysis reactant having high efficiency catalysis for thermal reaction primarily includes: preparing a three-dimensional catalysis carrier; preparing at least one aqueous-phase nanometer metallic particle solution; soaking the catalysis carrier in a methanol solution containing a silane group compound and removing and subjecting the catalysis carrier to drying and freezing for surface modification; soaking the catalysis carrier in the aqueous-phase nanometer metallic particle solution and removing and subjecting the catalysis carrier to blow-drying to have the surface of the catalysis carrier combined with a first layer of nanometer metallic particles; soaking the catalysis carrier in a methanol solution containing 1,12-diaminododecane to carry out surface modification and removing and subjecting the catalysis carrier to drying, followed by soaking in the aqueous-phase nanometer metallic particle solution and then blow-drying to have the surface of the catalysis carrier further combined with a second layer of nanometer metallic particles.

This disclosure relates to processes for converting saturated polyethylene to at least an alkene product. The processes comprise contacting the saturated polyethylene with three or more catalyst components in a reactor, the reactor comprising an alkene reactant. The three or more catalyst components comprise a metathesis catalyst component, an isomerization catalyst component, and a dehydrogenation catalyst component. Contacting causes at least a portion of the saturated polyethylene to undergo dehydrogenation reactions to form unsaturated polyethylene and at least a portion of the unsaturated polyethylene, or products derived therefrom, to undergo metathesis reactions and isomerization reactions to produce an effluent comprising at least the alkene product.

A method for manufacturing a catalysis reactant having high efficiency catalysis for thermal reaction primarily includes: preparing a three-dimensional catalysis carrier; preparing at least one aqueous-phase nanometer metallic particle solution; soaking the catalysis carrier in a methanol solution containing a silane group compound and removing and subjecting the catalysis carrier to drying and freezing for surface modification; soaking the catalysis carrier in the aqueous-phase nanometer metallic particle solution and removing and subjecting the catalysis carrier to blow-drying to have the surface of the catalysis carrier combined with a first layer of nanometer metallic particles; soaking the catalysis carrier in a methanol solution containing 1,12-dodecaneamino to carry out surface modification and removing and subjecting the catalysis carrier to drying, followed by soaking in the aqueous-phase nanometer metallic particle solution and then blow-drying to have the surface of the catalysis carrier further combined with a second layer of nanometer metallic particles.

A catalyst structure includes a carrier having a porous structure composed of a zeolite type compound and at least one catalytic material existing in the carrier. The carrier has channels communicating with each other, and the catalytic material is a metal fine particle and exists at least in the channel of the carrier.

A small-air cooled internal combustion engine includes an engine block including a cylinder, a piston within the cylinder, a crankshaft configured to be driven by the piston, a blower system including a fan that is configured to pull air over the engine block, a fuel system for supplying an air-fuel mixture to the cylinder, and an exhaust system for removing exhaust from the cylinder. The exhaust system comprises an exhaust inlet, a muffler and, a catalytic converter including a catalyst. The catalyst comprises a precious metal loading having ruthenium as a primary element by mass.