A method for producing a hydrofluoroolefin is provided. The formation of by-products of an over-reduced product having hydrogen added to a material chlorofluoroolefin and an over-reduced product having not only chlorine atoms but also fluorine atoms in the chlorofluoroolefin replaced with hydrogen atoms is suppressed in the method. The method includes reacting a specific chlorofluoroolefin with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst supported on a carrier to obtain the hydrofluoroolefin. The catalyst is a catalyst composed of an alloy containing at least one platinum group element of palladium and platinum, and at least one second element of copper, gold, lithium, potassium, silver, zinc, tin, lead, and bismuth.

The present invention relates to a photocatalyst composition having visible light activity for hydrogen production through water splitting. More particularly, the present invention discloses a photocatalyst composition comprising a zinc oxide nanoparticles and a conjugated organic moiety selected from the group consisting of oligothiophenes, azo dyes, and perylenes.

The present invention relates to a photocatalyst composition having visible light activity for hydrogen production through water splitting. More particularly, the present invention discloses a photocatalyst composition comprising a zinc oxide nanoparticles and a conjugated organic moiety selected from the group consisting of oligothiophenes, azo dyes, and perylenes.

The present invention relates to a photocatalyst composition having visible light activity for hydrogen production through water splitting. More particularly, the present invention discloses a photocatalyst composition comprising a zinc oxide nanoparticles and a conjugated organic moiety selected from the group consisting of oligothiophenes, azo dyes, and perylenes.

The present invention relates to a photocatalyst composition having visible light activity for hydrogen production through water splitting. More particularly, the present invention discloses a photocatalyst composition comprising a zinc oxide nanoparticles and a conjugated organic moiety selected from the group consisting of oligothiophenes, azo dyes, and perylenes.

Zn-promoted and/or Ga-promoted cracking catalysts, such as cracking catalysts comprising an MSE framework zeolite or an MFI framework zeolite can provide unexpectedly superior conversion of branched paraffins when used as part of a catalyst during reforming of a hydrocarbon fuel stream. The conversion and reforming of the hydrocarbon fuel stream can occur, for example, in an internal combustion engine. The conversion and reforming can allow for formation of higher octane compounds from the branched paraffins.

Zn-promoted and/or Ga-promoted cracking catalysts, such as cracking catalysts comprising an MSE framework zeolite or an MFI framework zeolite can provide unexpectedly superior conversion of branched paraffins when used as part of a catalyst during reforming of a hydrocarbon fuel stream. The conversion and reforming of the hydrocarbon fuel stream can occur, for example, in an internal combustion engine. The conversion and reforming can allow for formation of higher octane compounds from the branched paraffins.

Systems for reforming a feedstock comprising paraffins and naphthenes. A first reactor containing a first reforming catalyst is operable to maintain a temperature and pressure that facilitates conversion of naphthenes in the feedstock to aromatics while facilitating conversion of less than 50 wt. % of paraffins in the feedstock to olefins. A first separator receives and separates the first effluent that is produced in the first reactor to produce a first fraction enriched in aromatics and a second fraction enriched in paraffins. A second reactor containing a second reforming catalyst is operable to maintain a temperature and pressure that facilitates conversion of at least 50 wt. % of paraffins in the second fraction to olefins. The system is operable to produce a liquid hydrocarbon product suitable for use as a blend component of a liquid transportation fuel.

Systems for reforming a feedstock comprising paraffins and naphthenes. A first reactor containing a first reforming catalyst is operable to maintain a temperature and pressure that facilitates conversion of naphthenes in the feedstock to aromatics while facilitating conversion of less than 50 wt. % of paraffins in the feedstock to olefins. A first separator receives and separates the first effluent that is produced in the first reactor to produce a first fraction enriched in aromatics and a second fraction enriched in paraffins. A second reactor containing a second reforming catalyst is operable to maintain a temperature and pressure that facilitates conversion of at least 50 wt. % of paraffins in the second fraction to olefins. The system is operable to produce a liquid hydrocarbon product suitable for use as a blend component of a liquid transportation fuel.

Sinter-resistant catalyst systems include a catalytic substrate comprising a plurality of metal catalytic nanoparticles bound to a metal oxide catalyst support, and a coating of oxide nanoparticles disposed on the metal catalytic nanoparticles and optionally on the metal oxide support. The oxide nanoparticles comprise one or more lanthanum oxides and optionally one or more barium oxides, and additionally one or more oxides of aluminum, cerium, zirconium, titanium, silicon, magnesium, zinc, iron, strontium, and calcium. The metal catalytic nanoparticles can include ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium, and platinum, rhenium, copper, silver, and/or gold. The metal oxide catalyst support can include one or more metal oxides selected from the group consisting of Al.sub.2O.sub.3, CeO.sub.2, ZrO.sub.2, TiO.sub.2, SiO.sub.2, La.sub.2O.sub.3, MgO, and ZnO. The coating of oxide nanoparticles is about 0.1% to about 50% lanthanum and barium oxides. The oxide nanoparticles can further include one or more oxides of magnesium and/or cobalt.