A method of oxidative dehydrogenating a butane-containing hydrocarbon stream by contacting the same with a bimetallic catalyst in the presence of an oxidant, wherein the bimetallic catalyst comprises nickel and bismuth on a titanium carbide catalyst support. Various embodiments of the method of oxidative dehydrogenating the butane-containing hydrocarbon stream and the bimetallic catalyst are also provided.

A ring-shaped catalyst may have a straight body part and a hollow body part, which is used when a gas-phase catalytic oxidation reaction of a material substance is conducted to produce a target substance, wherein a length of the straight body part is shorter than a length of the hollow body part and at least at one end part, a region from an end part of the straight body part to an end part of the hollow body part is concavely curved.

Process for preparing monoethylene glycol (MEG) by metal-catalyzed reaction of a dialkyl oxalate of the formula I ##STR00001##
where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each, independently of one another, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl or isopropyl, with hydrogen (H.sub.2), wherein the dialkyl oxalate (I) is used as melt or as a solution in a solvent, dialkyl oxalate (I) and H.sub.2 are used in a molar ratio of H.sub.2:dialkyl oxalate (I) in the range from 4.0 to 30 and the reaction is carried out continuously in a reactor at a cross-sectional loading of 10 m/s, a temperature in the range from 150 to 270 C., a pressure in the range from 150 to 390 bar and in the presence of a chromium-free heterogeneous catalyst comprising copper.

The present disclosure relates generally to ceramic materials suitable for use as catalyst support materials, catalysts using such materials and methods for using them, such as methods for converting sugars, sugar alcohols, glycerol, and bio-renewable organic acids to commercially-valuable chemicals and intermediates. One aspect of the invention is a ceramic material including zirconium oxide and one or more metal oxides selected from nickel oxide, copper oxide, cobalt oxide, iron oxide and zinc oxide, the ceramic material being at least about 50 wt. % zirconium oxide. In certain embodiments, the ceramic material is substantially free of any binder, extrusion aid or additional stabilizing agent.

A process of forming an ethynylation catalyst includes providing a slurry including water, a copper-containing material, a bismuth-containing material, a structural material, and a binder; spray-drying the slurry to form particles; and calcining the particles to form the ethynylation catalyst.

A biotemplated nanomaterial can include a crystalline perovskite.

A process for preparing a catalyst includes impregnating a metal oxide carrier with an aqueous solution to form an impregnated carrier; drying the impregnated carrier to form a dried, impregnated carrier; and heat-treating the dried, impregnated carrier in air to form the catalyst; wherein: the aqueous solution includes a copper salt; and from about 3 wt % to about 15 wt % of a C.sub.3-C.sub.6 multifunctional carboxylic acid; and the catalyst includes from about 5 wt % to about 50 wt % copper oxide.

A catalytic composite for a cyclic process of adiabatic, non-oxidative dehydrogenation of an alkane into an olefin, comprising a dehydrogenation catalyst, a semimetal and a carrier supporting the catalyst and the semimetal. During the reduction and/or regeneration stages of the adiabatic process, the semimetal releases heat which can be used to initiate the dehydrogenation reactions, which are endothermic in nature, thereby reducing the need for hot air flow and combustion of coke as heat input. The semi-metal is inert towards the dehydrogenation reaction itself, alkane feed and olefin product as well as other side reactions of the cyclic process such as cracking and decoking.

An object of the present invention is to provide a carbon nanotube composition including carbon nanotubes having semiconductivity and a highly uniform chirality characteristic; a catalyst for manufacturing carbon nanotubes capable of producing carbon nanotubes having semiconductivity and a highly uniform chirality characteristic; a method of manufacturing carbon nanotubes using the catalyst; and carbon nanotubes manufactured by using the manufacturing method. The carbon nanotube composition of the present invention includes a metal and a carbon nanotube. The metal contains Ni, and both or at least one of Sn and/or Sb, and the carbon nanotube is a single-walled body and has semiconductivity.

A composition of formula

Ce.sub.1-a-b-cN.sub.aM.sub.bD.sub.cO.sub.xI

wherein M stands for one or more elements from the group of alkaline metals, except sodium, N is Bi and/or Sb, D is present, or is not present, and if present is selected from one or more of Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba; Y, La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Er; Fe, Zr, Nb, Al; a is a number within the range of 0<a0.9, b is a number within the range of 0<b0.3, c is a number within the range of 0<c0.2, a plus b plus c is <1, and x is a number within the range of 1.2x2, and its use for exhaust gas aftertreatment systems of Diesel engines, gasoline combustion engines, lean burn engines and power plants.