A water treatment composition for treating organic wastewater is provided. The water treatment composition includes a bulk catalytic material and an oxidant. The bulk catalytic material includes iron atoms or ions, manganese atoms or ions, and magnesium atoms or ions.

The present invention provides an alkaline water electrolysis anode such that even when electric power having a large output fluctuation, such as renewable energy, is used as a power source, the electrolysis performance is unlikely to be deteriorated and excellent catalytic activity is retained stably over a long period of time. The alkaline water electrolysis anode is an alkaline water electrolysis anode 10 provided with an electrically conductive substrate 2 at least a surface of which contains nickel or a nickel base alloy and a catalyst layer 6 disposed on the surface of the electrically conductive substrate 2, the catalyst layer 6 containing a metal composite oxide having a quadruple perovskite oxide structure, wherein the metal composite oxide contains calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), and nickel (Ni), and has an atom ratio of Ca/Mn/Ni/O of (1.0)/(6.6 to 7.0)/(0.1 to 0.4)/12.0.

The present invention provides an alkaline water electrolysis anode such that even when electric power having a large output fluctuation, such as renewable energy, is used as a power source, the electrolysis performance is unlikely to be deteriorated and excellent catalytic activity is retained stably over a long period of time. The alkaline water electrolysis anode is an alkaline water electrolysis anode 10 provided with an electrically conductive substrate 2 at least a surface of which contains nickel or a nickel base alloy and a catalyst layer 6 disposed on the surface of the electrically conductive substrate 2, the catalyst layer 6 containing a metal composite oxide having a quadruple perovskite oxide structure, wherein the metal composite oxide contains calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), and nickel (Ni), and has an atom ratio of Ca/Mn/Ni/O of (1.0)/(6.6 to 7.0)/(0.1 to 0.4)/12.0.

A provided ammonia synthesis catalyst is a composite catalyst including: a catalyst exhibiting catalytic activity for synthesis of ammonia; and a support supporting the catalyst. The support includes a hydrogen storage material. The hydrogen storage material is, for example, a hydrogen storage metal. The hydrogen storage metal is, for example, a hydrogen storage alloy. The hydrogen storage alloy is, for example, a solid solution. The hydrogen storage alloy is, for example, a Ti—Mn-based alloy. The catalyst includes, for example, a transition metal. The transition metal is, for example, at least one selected from the group consisting of Ru, Co, Ni, Fe, Mn, V, and Ti.

A system and method of pre-purification of a feed gas stream is provided that is particularly suitable for pre-purification of a feed air stream in cryogenic air separation unit. The disclosed pre-purification systems and methods are configured to remove substantially all of the hydrogen, carbon monoxide, water, and carbon dioxide impurities from a feed air stream and is particularly suitable for use in a high purity or ultra-high purity nitrogen plant. The pre-purification systems and methods preferably employ two or more separate layers of hopcalite catalyst with the successive layers of the hopcalite separated by a zeolite adsorbent layer that removes water and carbon dioxide produced in the hopcalite layers. The separate layers of hopcalite catalyst preferably have different volumes and/or different average particle sizes of the hopcalite materials.

A supported catalyst for decomposing an organic substance that includes a carrier and catalyst particles supported on the carrier. The catalyst particles contain a perovskite-type composite oxide represented by A.sub.xB.sub.yM.sub.zO.sub.w, where A contains at least one of Ba and Sr, B contains Zr, M is at least one of Mn, Co, Ni, and Fe, y+z=1, x>1, z<0.4, and w is a positive value that satisfies electrical neutrality. An organic substance decomposition rate after the supported catalyst is subjected to a heat treatment at 950° C. for 48 hours is greater than 0.97 when the organic substance decomposition rate before the heat treatment is regarded as 1, and an amount of the catalyst particles peeled off when the supported catalyst is ultrasonicated in water at 28 kHz and 220 W for 15 minutes is less than 1 wt % of the catalyst particles before untrasonication.

An organic matter decomposition catalyst that contains a perovskite type complex oxide represented by A.sub.xB.sub.yM.sub.zO.sub.w, wherein A contains 90 at % or more of at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ba and Sr, B contains 80 at % or more of Zr, M is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Mn, Co, Ni, and Fe, y+z=1, x>1, z<0.4, and w is a positive value that satisfies electrical neutrality.

Metal oxide catalysts comprising various dopants are provided. The catalysts are useful as heterogenous catalysts in a variety of catalytic reactions, for example, the oxidative coupling of methane to C2 hydrocarbons such as ethane and ethylene. Related methods for use and manufacture of the same are also disclosed.

A method for selectively chemically reducing CO.sub.2 to form CO includes providing a catalyst, and contacting H.sub.2 and CO.sub.2 with the catalyst to chemically reduce CO.sub.2 to form CO. The catalyst includes a metal oxide having a chemical formula of Fe.sub.xCo.sub.yMn(.sub.1-x-y)O.sub.z, in which 0.7≤x≤0.95, 0.01≤y≤0.25, and z is an oxidation coordination number.

A Ni-based steam reforming catalyst having excellent carbon deposition resistance and sintering resistance is provided. The steam reforming catalyst is constituted by including nickel as a catalytically active metal, lanthanum as a first co-catalyst component, manganese as a second co-catalyst component, and a carrier containing γ-alumina as a main component.