A process for preparing an aromatic isocyanate by direct carbonylation of a nitro aromatic compound by reacting the nitro aromatic compound with carbon monoxide in the presence of a catalyst, characterized in that the catalyst contains a multi metallic material comprising one or more binary intermetallic phases of the general formula A.sub.xB.sub.y wherein: A is one or more element selected from Ni, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ir, Pt and Ag, B is one or more element selected from Sn, Sb, Pb, Zn, Ga, In, Ge and As, x is in the range 0.1-10, y in is in the range 0.1-10.

Disclosed is a method for anaerobically cracking a power battery, which includes the following steps: disassembling a waste power battery to obtain a battery cell; taking out a diaphragm from the battery cell for later use, and pyrolyzing the battery cell to obtain electrode powder; extracting nickel, cobalt and manganese elements from the electrode powder with an extraction buffer, filtering, taking the filtrate, then adjusting the filtrate with a nickel solution, a cobalt solution and a manganese solution to obtain a solution A, adding the solution A dropwise into ammonium hydroxide under stirring, and then adding an alkali solution under stirring to obtain a solution B; subjecting the solution B to a hydrothermal reaction, filtering, and roasting to obtain a catalyst, such that a chemical formula of the catalyst is Ni.sup.2+.sub.1-x-yCo.sup.2+.sub.xMn.sup.2+.sub.yO, where 0.25≤x<0.45, 0.25≤y<0.45.

Embodiments of the present invention relates to two improved catalysts and associated processes that directly converts carbon dioxide and hydrogen to liquid fuels. The catalytic converter is comprised of two catalysts in series that are operated at the same pressures to directly produce synthetic liquid fuels or synthetic natural gas. The carbon conversion efficiency for CO.sub.2 to liquid fuels is greater than 45%. The fuel is distilled into a premium diesel fuels (approximately 70 volume %) and naphtha (approximately 30 volume %) which are used directly as “drop-in” fuels without requiring any further processing. Any light hydrocarbons that are present with the carbon dioxide are also converted directly to fuels. This process is directly applicable to the conversion of CO.sub.2 collected from ethanol plants, cement plants, power plants, biogas, carbon dioxide/hydrocarbon mixtures from secondary oil recovery, and other carbon dioxide/hydrocarbon streams. The catalyst system is durable, efficient and maintains a relatively constant level of fuel productivity over long periods of time without requiring re-activation or replacement.

A system and method of pre-purification of a feed gas stream is provided that is particularly suitable for pre-purification of a feed air stream in cryogenic air separation unit. The disclosed pre-purification systems and methods are configured to remove substantially all of the hydrogen, carbon monoxide, water, and carbon dioxide impurities from a feed air stream and is particularly suitable for use in a high purity or ultra-high purity nitrogen plant. The pre-purification systems and methods preferably employ two or more separate layers of hopcalite catalyst with the successive layers of the hopcalite separated by a zeolite adsorbent layer that removes water and carbon dioxide produced in the hopcalite layers.

A honeycomb-structured catalyst for decomposing an organic substance, which includes a catalyst particle. The catalyst particle contains a perovskite-type composite oxide represented by A.sub.xB.sub.yM.sub.zO.sub.w, where the A contains at least of Ba and Sr, the B contains Zr, the M is at least one of Mn, Co, Ni, and Fe, y+z=1, 1.001≤x≤1.05, 0.05≤z≤0.2, and w is a positive value that satisfies electrical neutrality. The toluene decomposition rate is greater than 90% when toluene is decomposed using the honeycomb-structured catalyst subjected to a heat treatment at 1200° C. for 48 hours and a gas that contains 50 ppm toluene, 80% nitrogen, and 20% oxygen as a volume concentration as a target at a space velocity of 30,000/h and a catalyst temperature of 400° C.

A method of turning a catalytic material by altering the charge state of a catalyst support. The catalyst support is intercalated with a metal ion, altering the charge state to alter and/or augment the catalytic activity of the catalyst material.

The present invention relates to a method of preparing a nano-sized, iron-based catalyst, the method comprising: mixing a solution containing an iron salt with a surfactant to form a mixture; adding a basic salt solution comprising a salt of element selected from the group consisting of: alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, transition metals of groups 3 to 7 and 9 to 11 of the Periodic Table of Elements, lanthanides, and combinations of elements thereof, to the mixture to form a precipitate; and calcining said precipitate to form the iron-based catalyst, said iron-based catalyst at least partially comprising said element of said basic salt. The present invention also relates to a nano-sized, iron-based catalyst prepared by the above method and a process for the production of light olefins using the nano-sized, iron-based catalyst.

A method for producing a Guerbet alcohol, including reacting a raw material alcohol having 8 or more and 22 or less carbon atoms, in the presence of a catalyst (A) containing a first component, a second component, and a third component below: first component: copper, second component: one kind selected from the group consisting of cobalt, nickel, molybdenum, and rhenium, and third component: at least one kind selected from the group consisting of elements that are elements belonging to Groups 3 to 10 and 12 of the fourth period of the periodic table and elements belonging to Groups 3 to 7, 11, and 12 of the fifth and sixth periods of the periodic table, and are different from the element selected as the second component.

Described herein are coatings. The coatings can, for example, catalyze carbon gasification. In some examples, the coatings comprise: a first region having a first thickness, the first region comprising a manganese oxide, a chromium-manganese oxide, or a combination thereof; a second region having a second thickness, the second region comprising Ni, Fe, W, Cr, Co, Mn, Ti, Mo, V, Nb, Zr, Si, C, or a combination thereof; and an alkaline earth metal, an alkaline earth oxide, an alkaline earth carbonate, an alkaline earth silicate, molybdemun, a molybdenum oxide, a molybdenum carbide, a mixed-metal perovskite, a mixed metal inorganic oxide, or a combination thereof.

When the porous ceramic structure contains Co together with Fe or Mn, the Co content is higher than or equal to 0.1 mass % and lower than or equal to 3.0 mass % in terms of Co.sub.3O.sub.4, and when the porous ceramic structure contains Co without containing Fe and Mn, the Co content is higher than or equal to 0.2 mass % and lower than or equal to 6.0 mass % in terms of Co.sub.3O.sub.4. The ratio of the sum of the Fe content in terms of Fe.sub.2O.sub.3, the Mn content in terms of Mn.sub.2O.sub.3, and the Co content in terms of Co.sub.3O.sub.4 to the Ce content in terms of CeO.sub.2 is higher than or equal to 0.8 and lower than or equal to 9.5.