Materials, methods of making, and methods of providing a trimetallic oxygen carrier for converting methane containing fuel to synthesis gas. The trimetallic oxygen carrier comprises Cu.sub.xFe.sub.yMn.sub.zO.sub.t, where Cu.sub.xFe.sub.yMn.sub.zO.sub.t is a chemical composition with 0<x3 and 0<y3 and 0<z3 and, 0<t5. For example, Cu.sub.xFe.sub.yMn.sub.zO.sub.t may be one of CuMnFeO.sub.4, CuFe.sub.0.5Mn.sub.1.5O.sub.4, CuFeMn.sub.2O.sub.4, CuFe.sub.2MnO.sub.4, or Cu impregnated on FerMnsOu, Fe impregnated on CurMnsOu, Mn impregnated on CurFesOu where r>0, s>0 and u>0 and combinations thereof. Reaction of trimetallic Cu.sub.xFe.sub.yMn.sub.zO.sub.t with methane generates a product stream comprising at least 50 vol. % CO and H.sub.2.

A mixed metal oxide catalyst includes NiMnO nanoparticles on a TiO.sub.2 nanoparticle support. The catalyst may be used to produce biodiesel from waste oils, such as used cooking oils, through a transesterification reaction. The process of producing biodiesel using waste oils using the mixed metal oxide catalyst eliminates a need for quenching, reduces issues related to saponification and glycerol recovery, and allows for easy recovery and reuse of the mixed metal oxide catalyst in an economical and environmentally friendly way.

Disclosed are novel supported nanoparticle compositions, precursors, processes for making supported nanoparticle compositions, processes for making catalyst compositions, and processes for converting syngas. The catalyst composition can comprise nanoparticles comprising metal oxide(s), such as manganese cobalt oxide. This disclosure is particularly useful for converting syngas via the Fischer-Tropsch reactions to make olefins and/or alcohols.

A supported catalyst for decomposing an organic substance that includes a carrier and catalyst particles supported on the carrier. The catalyst particles contain a perovskite-type composite oxide represented by A.sub.xB.sub.yM.sub.zO.sub.w, where A contains at least one of Ba and Sr, B contains Zr, M is at least one of Mn, Co, Ni, and Fe, y+z=1, x>1, z<0.4, and w is a positive value that satisfies electrical neutrality. An organic substance decomposition rate after the supported catalyst is subjected to a heat treatment at 950 C. for 48 hours is greater than 0.97 when the organic substance decomposition rate before the heat treatment is regarded as 1, and an amount of the catalyst particles peeled off when the supported catalyst is ultrasonicated in water at 28 kHz and 220 W for 15 minutes is less than 1 wt % of the catalyst particles before untrasonication.

Described herein are coatings. The coatings can, for example, catalyze carbon gasification. In some examples, the coatings comprise: a first region having a first thickness, the first region comprising manganese oxide, a chromium-manganese oxide, or a combination thereof, and CaWO.sub.4, Ba.sub.3Y.sub.2WO.sub.9, or a combination thereof; a second region having a second thickness, the second region comprising X.sub.6W.sub.6Z, XWZ, or a combination thereof, wherein X is independently Ni or a mixture of Ni and one or more transition metals and Z is independently Si, C, or a combination thereof. In some examples, the coatings further comprise a rare earth element, a rare earth oxide, or a combination thereof.

The present invention relates to a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent, particularly an MRI contrast agent derived from nanoparticle that is porous first metal-doped second metal oxide nanoparticle with a central cavity, and a method for producing the same. The MEI contrast agent made in accordance with the present invention can be used not only as a drug-delivery agent for therapy but also as an MRI contrast agent for diagnosis.

A methanation catalyst for the methanation of carbon monoxide and/or carbon dioxide is disclosed that provides high selectivity and stability, and additionally shows improved activity compared with prior catalysts. The methanation catalyst for the methanation of carbon monoxide and/or carbon dioxide comprises aluminum oxide, a Ni active mass, and Mn, wherein the Ni/Mn molar ratio in the catalyst is 3.0 to 10.0.

The present disclosure relates generally to compositions and processes for modifying Fischer-Tropsch product selectivity. In particular, the disclosure provides for a for converting a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide gases to a product composition comprising alcohols and liquid hydrocarbons via Fischer-Tropsch synthesis in the presence of a supported cobalt-manganese Fischer-Tropsch synthesis catalyst, the process comprising: contacting the catalyst with a first gaseous feed comprising carbon monoxide and hydrogen for at least 12 hours to provide via Fischer-Tropsch synthesis a first product composition comprising C.sub.5+ hydrocarbons and alcohol; then contacting the catalyst with a first selectivity gaseous composition comprising at least 35 vol % H.sub.2 and a H.sub.2:CO molar ratio of at least 2; and then contacting the catalyst with a second gaseous feed comprising carbon monoxide and hydrogen to provide a second product composition comprising C.sub.5+ hydrocarbons, with a selectivity of no more than 5% for alcohols. Optionally, the catalyst selectivity to alcohols can be reversed by contacting the catalyst with a second selectivity gaseous composition comprising CO or a H.sub.2:CO molar ratio of at below 1.5.

The present disclosure relates generally to processes for the production of methane from hydrogen and carbon dioxide. In particular, the disclosure provides for a process for providing a product composition comprising methane. The process includes contacting a gaseous mixture comprising hydrogen and carbon dioxide with a supported methane synthesis catalyst, the supported methane synthesis catalyst comprising cobalt in the range of 1 wt % to 35 wt % on an elemental basis, to provide the product composition with a methane selectivity of at least 75%.

A process for preparing an aromatic isocyanate by direct carbonylation of a nitro aromatic compound by reacting the nitro aromatic compound with carbon monoxide in the presence of a catalyst, characterized in that the catalyst contains a multi metallic material comprising one or more binary intermetallic phases of the general formula A.sub.xB.sub.y wherein: A is one or more element selected from Ni, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ir, Pt and Ag, B is one or more element selected from Sn, Sb, Pb, Zn, Ga, In, Ge and As, x is in the range 0.1-10, y in is in the range 0.1-10.