Provided is a solid acid catalyst for use in oxidation of a substrate in the coexistence of oxygen and ozone (solid acid catalyst for oxygen-ozone-coexisting oxidation). The solid acid catalyst enables oxidation of the substrate with a high conversion. This solid acid catalyst for oxygen-ozone-coexisting oxidation is a solid acid catalyst for use in an oxidation reaction to oxidize a substrate (A) in the coexistence of oxygen and ozone. The solid acid catalyst includes a transition metal in the form of an elementary substance, a compound, or an ion, and a support supporting the transition metal. The support includes, at least in its surface, a strong acid or super strong acid having a Hammett acidity function (H.sub.0) of −9 or less. The support is preferably a pellet or particle made of a fluorinated sulfonic acid resin, or a support including a solid and a layer of a fluorinated sulfonic acid resin disposed on the solid.

A process for converting a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide gases to a composition comprising alcohols and liquid hydrocarbons by means of a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction, said process comprising contacting a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide gases, preferably in the form of synthesis gas mixture, with a supported Co—Mn Fischer-Tropsch synthesis catalyst, wherein: the support material of the supported Co—Mn Fischer-Tropsch synthesis catalyst comprises a material selected from titania, zinc oxide, zirconia, and ceria; the supported synthesis catalyst comprises at least 2.5 wt % of manganese, on an elemental basis, based on the total weight of the supported synthesis catalyst; the weight ratio of manganese to cobalt, on an elemental basis, is 0.2 or greater; the molar ratio of hydrogen to carbon monoxide is at least 1; and, the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction is conducted at a pressure in the range of from 1.0 to 10.0 MPa absolute.

A process for converting a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide gases to a composition comprising alcohols and liquid hydrocarbons by means of a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction, said process comprising contacting a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide gases, preferably in the form of synthesis gas mixture, with a supported Co—Mn Fischer-Tropsch synthesis catalyst, wherein: the support material of the supported Co—Mn Fischer-Tropsch synthesis catalyst comprises a material selected from titania, zinc oxide, zirconia, and ceria; the supported synthesis catalyst comprises at least 2.5 wt % of manganese, on an elemental basis, based on the total weight of the supported synthesis catalyst; the weight ratio of manganese to cobalt, on an elemental basis, is 0.2 or greater; the molar ratio of hydrogen to carbon monoxide is at least 1; and, the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction is conducted at a pressure in the range of from 1.0 to 10.0 MPa absolute.

An ammonia slip catalyst having an SCR catalyst and an oxidation catalyst comprising at least two metals, each of which is selected from a specific group, and a substrate upon which at least oxidation catalyst is located is described. The ammonia slip catalyst can have dual layers, with one of the layers containing an SCR catalyst, a second layer containing the oxidation catalyst with comprises at least two metals, each of which is selected from a specific group, and the ammonia slip catalyst does not contain a platinum group metal. Methods of making and using the ammonia slip catalyst to reduce ammonia slip are described.

Disclosed is a method for anaerobically cracking a power battery, which includes the following steps: disassembling a waste power battery to obtain a battery cell; taking out a diaphragm from the battery cell for later use, and pyrolyzing the battery cell to obtain electrode powder; extracting nickel, cobalt and manganese elements from the electrode powder with an extraction buffer, filtering, taking the filtrate, then adjusting the filtrate with a nickel solution, a cobalt solution and a manganese solution to obtain a solution A, adding the solution A dropwise into ammonium hydroxide under stirring, and then adding an alkali solution under stirring to obtain a solution B; subjecting the solution B to a hydrothermal reaction, filtering, and roasting to obtain a catalyst, such that a chemical formula of the catalyst is Ni.sup.2+.sub.1-x-yCo.sup.2+.sub.xMn.sup.2+.sub.yO, where 0.25≤x<0.45, 0.25≤y<0.45.

A process for converting a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide gases to a composition comprising alcohols and liquid hydrocarbons by means of a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction, said process comprising contacting a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide gases, preferably in the form of synthesis gas mixture, with a supported Co—Mn Fischer-Tropsch synthesis catalyst, wherein: the support material of the supported Co—Mn Fischer-Tropsch synthesis catalyst comprises a material selected from titania, zinc oxide, zirconia, and ceria; the supported synthesis catalyst comprises at least 2.5 wt % of manganese, on an elemental basis, based on the total weight of the supported synthesis catalyst; the weight ratio of manganese to cobalt, on an elemental basis, is 0.2 or greater; the molar ratio of hydrogen to carbon monoxide is at least 1; and, the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction is conducted at a pressure in the range of from 1.0 to 10.0 MPa absolute.

A process for converting a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide gases to a composition comprising alcohols and liquid hydrocarbons by means of a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction, said process comprising contacting a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide gases, preferably in the form of synthesis gas mixture, with a supported Co—Mn Fischer-Tropsch synthesis catalyst, wherein: the support material of the supported Co—Mn Fischer-Tropsch synthesis catalyst comprises a material selected from titania, zinc oxide, zirconia, and ceria; the supported synthesis catalyst comprises at least 2.5 wt % of manganese, on an elemental basis, based on the total weight of the supported synthesis catalyst; the weight ratio of manganese to cobalt, on an elemental basis, is 0.2 or greater; the molar ratio of hydrogen to carbon monoxide is at least 1; and, the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction is conducted at a pressure in the range of from 1.0 to 10.0 MPa absolute.

A catalyst precursor comprising an iron species, an alkali metal or salt thereof and a complexing agent, a catalyst obtainable from said precursor, and a process for the hydrogenation of carbon dioxide and/or carbon monoxide using either said catalyst precursor or said catalyst to yield olefins or fuels, such as jet fuel.

Disclosed are novel supported nanoparticle compositions, precursors, processes for making supported nanoparticle compositions, processes for making catalyst compositions, and processes for converting syngas. The catalyst composition can comprise nanoparticles comprising metal oxide(s), such as manganese cobalt oxide. This disclosure is particularly useful for converting syngas via the Fischer-Tropsch reactions to make olefins and/or alcohols.

A catalyst for oxidative dehydrogenation of alkanes includes a substrate including an oxide; at least one promoter including a transition metal or a main group element of the periodic table; and an oxidation-active transition metal. The catalyst is multimetallic.