Provided is a catalyst composition using other metals different from noble metals as a catalytic activity component and which has an excellent catalytic activity even after a thermal duration treatment. Provided are an exhaust gas purifying catalyst composition which includes ceria-zirconia particles with a feature in that a peak arising from (111) plane is divided into two peak tops in an XRD pattern and in which a transition metal including at least one of Cu, Cr, Fe, Mn, Co, Ni, and Ag is supported on the ceria-zirconia particles, and a catalyst using the exhaust gas purifying catalyst composition.

The present disclosure relates to ruthenium-based catalysts for ammonia (NH.sub.3) synthesis at mild conditions and methods of preparing the ruthenium-based catalysts. The ruthenium-based catalyst includes a MgFeO.sub.x support and ruthenium metal loaded onto the support, wherein the catalyst has the chemical formula of MgFeO.sub.xRu, wherein x is the number of oxygen atoms present. In an example, x is equal to four. The MgFeO.sub.x support is prepared from MgFe layered double hydroxide (LDH). An amount of ruthenium present in the ruthenium-based catalyst ranges from about 0.1 to about 1.0 wt %.

The present invention relates to a process for the reforming of ammonia, wherein the process comprises (i) providing a reactor containing a catalyst comprising Ru supported on one or more support materials, wherein the one or more support materials display a BET surface area of 20 m.sup.2/g or more, and wherein the catalyst contains 1 wt.-% or less of Ni and Co; (ii) preparing a feed gas stream comprising NH.sub.3; (iii) feeding the feed gas stream prepared in (ii) into the reactor and contacting the feed gas stream with the catalyst at a pressure of greater than 10 bara and at a temperature in the range of from 200 to 750 C.; (iv) removing an effluent gas stream comprising H.sub.2 and N.sub.2 from the reactor.

Disclosed herein are mixed oxide compositions containing mixed oxides of cerium, zirconium, and a mixture of iron and strontium. These compositions optionally also may contain additional rare earth dopants. These mixed oxide compositions surprisingly exhibit enhanced low temperature oxygen storage capacity (OSC), even after aging at elevated temperatures. These mixed oxide compositions importantly contain iron and strontium (as oxides) and this mixture of iron and strontium surprisingly provides the mixed oxide composition with improved OSC even after aging at elevated temperatures, in particular improved OSC at lower temperatures. The compositions may be used as catalytic carriers which may be used in gas exhaust purification catalysts.

A precious metal-supported eggshell catalyst with a preparation method and an application are provided. The precious metal-supported eggshell catalyst includes a carrier, a precious metal and a promoter. As an active component, the precious metal and the promoter are evenly distributed on surface of the carrier, wherein the promoter includes one or more than two of a precious metal, an alkaline earth metal, a transition metal lanthanide series metal, an actinium series metal and/or a metal oxide thereof. With a highly utilization of the precious metal, the precious metal-supported eggshell catalyst showed high conversion, good selectivity and excellent stability, and the precious metal-supported eggshell catalyst is used more than 300 hours with no obvious loss of activity in preparing 1,3-propanediol through hydrogenation of 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde aqueous solution. Furthermore, with large particles the precious metal-supported eggshell catalyst is easily separated from reaction products.

The disclosure provides a method of converting carbon dioxide into a reaction product. The method comprises providing a switchable dual function material (DFM) loaded with carbon dioxide; and contacting the switchable DFM loaded with carbon dioxide and a co-reactant, thereby causing the carbon dioxide to react with the co-reactant to produce the reaction product. The switchable DFM comprises an adsorbent, configured to adsorb carbon dioxide; and a switchable catalyst configured to catalyse the conversion of carbon dioxide into a reaction product. The disclosure extends to the switchable DFM per se.

A modified catalyst support is described in the form of titania particles with a volume-median diameter in the range 100 to 1000 m modified with one or more refractory oxides of metals selected from the group consisting of zirconium, lanthanum, cerium, yttrium and neodymium, wherein the total refractory oxide content of the modified catalyst support is in the range of 0.1 to 15% by weight, and the modified catalyst support has a pore volume in the range of 0.2 to 0.6 cm.sup.3/g and an average pore diameter in the range of 30 to 60 nm. The modified catalyst support may be used to prepare cobalt Fischer-Tropsch catalysts suitable for use in fixed bed processes.

A catalyst for catalytic oxidation-deoxidation method of unsaturated hydrocarbon-containing gas has a carrier, an active component, a first co-agent component, and a second co-agent component loaded on the carrier respectively. The active component is one or more selected from the group consisting of oxides of Pt, Pd, Ru, Rh, Ag and Ir. The first co-agent component has one or more selected from the group consisting of a rare earth metal element, a group IVB metal element and a group VIII metal element; and the second co-agent component has one or more alkali metal element and alkaline earth metal element. The deoxidation method using the catalyst eliminates the need to add a reducing gas such as H.sub.2, allows hydrocarbons to react directly with oxygen to produce CO.sub.2 and H.sub.2O, achieves the goal of deoxidating a hydrocarbon-containing tail gas, and can prevent the generation of carbon deposits.

A composition of matter useful for catalyzing an alkene epoxidation reaction using molecular oxygen (O.sub.2) as an oxidant. including a plurality of structures comprising nanostructures or microstructures each comprising a coinage metal: and a plurality of single oxophilic metal atoms. The oxophilic metal is characterized by an oxide formation enthalpy being more exothermic than that of the coinage metal. In one or more examples. the oxophilic atom comprises nickel and the coinage metal comprises silver, and a concentration of the nickel increases selectivity to greater than 85% for the epoxidation reaction CH.sub.2CH.sub.2+O.sub.2.fwdarw.(CH.sub.2).sub.2O over combustion of ethylene forming carbon dioxide. and for an ethylene conversion of greater than 5%.

The present invention relates to a catalyst comprising Ni, Ru, and a promoter metal M1, wherein the catalyst displays an Ru:Ni weight ratio in the range of from 0.0001:1 to 0.5:1, wherein the promoter metal M1 is selected from the group consisting of Li, K, Na, Cs, Mg, Ca, Sr, and Ba, including mixtures of two or more thereof, and wherein the catalyst further comprises one or more support materials onto which Ni, Ru, and the promoter metal M1 are respectively supported. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a method for the preparation of a catalyst comprising Ni, Ru, and a promoter metal M1, as well as to a catalyst obtainable according to said method, and to a process for the reforming of ammonia employing the inventive catalyst.