Disclosed is a catalyst which can be used in the process for producing hydrogen by decomposing ammonia, can generate heat efficiently in the interior of a reactor without requiring excessive heating the reactor externally, and can decompose ammonia efficiently and steadily by utilizing the heat to produce hydrogen. Also disclosed is a technique for producing hydrogen by decomposing ammonia efficiently utilizing the catalyst. Specifically disclosed is a catalyst for use in the production of hydrogen, which is characterized by comprising an ammonia-combusting catalytic component and an ammonia-decomposing catalytic component. Also specifically disclosed is a catalyst for use in the production of hydrogen, which is characterized by comprising at least one metal element selected from the group consisting of cobalt, iron, nickel and molybdenum.

A diesel oxidation catalyst composition is provided, the composition including at least one platinum group metal impregnated onto a porous refractory oxide material in particulate form and at least one base metal oxide impregnated onto a porous refractory oxide material in particulate form, wherein the porous refractory oxide material impregnated with at least one platinum group metal and the porous refractory oxide material impregnated with at least one base metal oxide are in the form of a mixture or wherein the at least one platinum group metal and the at least one base metal oxide are impregnated on the same porous refractory oxide material. The diesel oxidation catalyst provides synergistic enhancement of carbon monoxide oxidation as well as relatively unimpaired hydrocarbon oxidation. Methods of making and using the catalyst composition are also provided, as well as emission treatment systems comprising a catalyst article coated with the catalyst composition.

The present invention concerns a method for the preparation of metal oxide hollow nanoparticles comprising the steps of: providing an aqueous suspension of nanoparticles of an oxide of a first element having at least two oxidation states coupled with a substrate; placing in contact the aqueous suspension with an aqueous solution of a salt of a second element having at least two oxidation states having a standard reduction potential lower than the standard reduction potential of said first transition metal to obtain hollow nanoparticles.

A hydrocarbon burner for an enclosed environment includes a heat exchanger having a first heat exchanger inlet connected to an inlet of the hydrocarbon burner and a first heat exchanger outlet connected to a heater, and a second heat exchanger inlet connected to a reactor outlet and a second heat exchanger outlet connected to an outlet of the hydrocarbon burner. A reactor includes a reactor inlet, the reactor outlet, and a catalyst mixture disposed in a reactor bed between the reactor inlet and the reactor outlet. The heater connects the first heat exchanger outlet to the reactor inlet. The reactor is a low temperature reactor configured to convert at least one hydrocarbon to at least one of H2O and CO2.

A method of reducing an aromatic ring under relatively mild condition using sub-nano particles of a transition metal supported on super paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs). The catalyst is efficient for catalyzing the reduction of both carbocyclic and heterocyclic compound. In compound comprising both carbocyclic and heterocyclic aromatic rings, the catalyst displays high regioselectivity for the heterocyclic ring.

The present invention concerns a method for the preparation of metal oxide hollow nanoparticles comprising the steps of: providing an aqueous suspension of nanoparticles of an oxide of a first element having at least two oxidation states coupled with a substrate; placing in contact the aqueous suspension with an aqueous solution of a salt of a second element having at least two oxidation states having a standard reduction potential lower than the standard reduction potential of said first transition metal to obtain hollow nanoparticles.

Systems are provided for a diesel oxidation catalyst. In one example, the diesel oxidation catalyst comprises a washcoat with different catalytically active portions for reacting with one or more of carbon containing compounds and NO.sub.x. The diesel oxidation catalyst is located upstream of a particulate filter in an exhaust passage.

The present invention relates to a carboxylation catalyst, which catalyzes carboxylation of a furan-based compound containing a hydroxyl group and a carbonyl group or a derivative thereof to prepare 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA), and is configured as a spinel support, and noble metal nanoparticles incorporated into the spinel support selected from the group consisting of MnCo.sub.2O.sub.4, CoMn.sub.2O.sub.4, and combinations thereof, and to a method of preparing 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA), including providing a carboxylation catalyst configured such that noble metal nanoparticles are incorporated into a spinel support; and carboxylating a furan-based compound containing a hydroxyl group and a carbonyl group or a derivative thereof in the presence of the carboxylation catalyst.

In relation to a Cu-based delafossite-type oxide that is effective as an exhaust gas purification catalyst, Cu is placed in a high catalytic activity low-valence state, whereby a novel Cu-based delafossite-type oxide having higher activity than in the past is provided. Proposed is a delafossite-type oxide for an exhaust gas purification catalyst that is represented by a general formula ABO.sub.2, wherein Cu and Ag are contained in the A site of the general formula, one or two or more elements selected from the group consisting of Mn, Al, Cr, Ga, Fe, Co, Ni, In, La, Nd, Sm, Eu, Y, V, and Ti are contained in the B site of the general formula, and Ag is contained at a ratio of 0.001 at. % or more and less than 20 at. % in the A site of the general formula.

A method of reducing an aromatic ring under relatively mild condition using sub-nano particles of a transition metal supported on super paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs). The catalyst is efficient for catalyzing the reduction of both carbocyclic and heterocyclic compound. In compound comprising both carbocyclic and heterocyclic aromatic rings, the catalyst displays high regioselectivity for the heterocyclic ring.