Provided is a hydrogenation catalyst for an amide compound, containing hydroxyapatite and platinum and vanadium that are fixed on the hydroxyapatite, 15 to 80% of the surface of the platinum being covered with vanadium. The hydrogenation catalyst can promote a reduction reaction in which an amide compound is converted into an amine compound, can be used under mild conditions, and has such durability that the catalyst can be repeatedly used while retaining a high activity.

The invention relates to a V—Ni.sub.2P/g-C.sub.3N.sub.4 photocatalyst, a preparation method, and application thereof. The V—Ni.sub.2P/g-C.sub.3N.sub.4 photocatalyst is a composite material of V—Ni.sub.2P and g-C.sub.3N.sub.4, wherein V—Ni.sub.2P has the spherical structure formed by nanosheets; the mass ratio of the V—Ni.sub.2P and g-C.sub.3N.sub.4 is (0.01 to 0.2):1.

Provided are an oxovanadium phosphate catalyst, and a preparation method and an application therefor. The method includes: 1) mixing and reacting a vanadium source, a choline chloride-organic carboxylic acid eutectic solvent, and alcohol; 2) mixing the obtained reaction product with a phosphorus source, raising the temperature to a temperature higher than the melting point of the eutectic solvent, and continuing the reaction to obtain an oxovanadium phosphate precursor; and 3) calcining to obtain the oxovanadium phosphate catalyst. The alcohol is: benzyl alcohol or a mixture of C.sub.3-C.sub.8 monohydric alcohol and benzyl alcohol. The present method uses a green and inexpensive eutectic solvent to strengthen the preparation of oxovanadium phosphate catalyst, avoids the disadvantages of the prior art, and overcoming the problems of low yield and poor selectivity when used in a reaction to prepare maleic anhydride by catalytic n-butane selective oxidisation.

Provided are an oxovanadium phosphate catalyst, and a preparation method and an application therefor. The method includes: 1) mixing and reacting a vanadium source, a choline chloride-organic carboxylic acid eutectic solvent, and alcohol; 2) mixing the obtained reaction product with a phosphorus source, raising the temperature to a temperature higher than the melting point of the eutectic solvent, and continuing the reaction to obtain an oxovanadium phosphate precursor; and 3) calcining to obtain the oxovanadium phosphate catalyst. The alcohol is: benzyl alcohol or a mixture of C.sub.3-C.sub.8 monohydric alcohol and benzyl alcohol. The present method uses a green and inexpensive eutectic solvent to strengthen the preparation of oxovanadium phosphate catalyst, avoids the disadvantages of the prior art, and overcoming the problems of low yield and poor selectivity when used in a reaction to prepare maleic anhydride by catalytic n-butane selective oxidisation.

The present disclosure provides an improved shaped catalyst containing catalytic material comprised of mixed oxides of vanadium and phosphorus and using such shaped catalysts for the production of maleic anhydride.

The present disclosure provides an improved shaped catalyst containing catalytic material comprised of mixed oxides of vanadium and phosphorus and using such shaped catalysts for the production of maleic anhydride.

A catalytic bed for the partial oxidation of n-butane to maleic anhydride which comprises at least one first catalytic layer and at least one second catalytic layer, wherein each catalytic layer consists of a vanadium and phosphorus mixed oxide (VPO) catalyst and only the catalyst of the second catalytic layer further comprises tungsten, and wherein the second catalytic layer constitutes 25% to 45% of the total length of the catalytic bed and is arranged consecutively after the first catalytic layer along the direction in which the mixture of gases comprising the oxidation reagents flows. The present invention also relates to a process for producing maleic anhydride by partial oxidation of n-butane which uses the catalytic bed.

Provided is a photocatalyst including a photocatalyst in which part of calcium ions are substituted with titanium ions, and part of phosphoric acid ions are substituted with metal oxoacid ions in a calcium hydroxyapatite crystal structure.

Provided is a photocatalyst including a photocatalyst in which part of calcium ions are substituted with titanium ions, and part of phosphoric acid ions are substituted with metal oxoacid ions in a calcium hydroxyapatite crystal structure.

Provided are an oxovanadium phosphate catalyst, and a preparation method and an application therefor. The method includes: 1) mixing and reacting a vanadium source, a choline chloride-organic carboxylic acid eutectic solvent, and alcohol; 2) mixing the obtained reaction product with a phosphorus source, raising the temperature to a temperature higher than the melting point of the eutectic solvent, and continuing the reaction to obtain an oxovanadium phosphate precursor; and 3) calcining to obtain the oxovanadium phosphate catalyst. The alcohol is: benzyl alcohol or a mixture of C.sub.3-C.sub.8 monohydric alcohol and benzyl alcohol. The present method uses a green and inexpensive eutectic solvent to strengthen the preparation of oxovanadium phosphate catalyst, avoids the disadvantages of the prior art, and overcoming the problems of low yield and poor selectivity when used in a reaction to prepare maleic anhydride by catalytic n-butane selective oxidisation.