A cold start catalyst is disclosed. The cold start catalyst comprises a zeolite catalyst and a supported platinum group metal catalyst. The zeolite catalyst comprises a base metal, a noble metal, and a zeolite. The supported platinum group metal catalyst comprises one or more platinum group metals and one or more inorganic oxide carriers. The invention also includes an exhaust system comprising the cold start catalyst. The cold start catalyst and the process result in improved NO.sub.x storage and NO.sub.x conversion, improved hydrocarbon storage and conversion, and improved CO oxidation through the cold start period.

This invention relates to a cobalt-based catalyst on a metal structure for selective production of synthetic oil via Fischer-Tropsch reaction, a method of preparing the same and a method of selectively producing synthetic oil using the same, wherein zeolite, cobalt and a support are mixed and ground to give a catalyst sol, which is then uniformly thinly applied on the surface of a metal structure using a spray-coating process, thereby preventing generation of heat during Fischer-Tropsch reaction and selectively producing synthetic oil having a carbon chain shorter than that of wax. This catalyst is prepared by burning a powder mixture obtained by melt infiltration of a cobalt hydrate and a metal oxide support to give a catalyst powder including cobalt oxide/metal oxide support; hybridizing the catalyst powder including cobalt oxide/metal oxide support with a zeolite powder to give a hybrid catalyst powder; mixing the hybrid catalyst powder with an organic binder and an inorganic binder and grinding the mixed hybrid catalyst powder to give a hybrid catalyst sol; spray-coating a metal structure surface-treated with alumina by atomic layer deposition with the hybrid catalyst sol; and thermally treating the metal structure spray-coated with the hybrid catalyst sol.

The present invention provides an adsorbent catalytic nanoparticle including a mesoporous silica nanoparticle having at least one adsorbent functional group bound thereto. The adsorbent catalytic nanoparticle also includes at least one catalytic material. In various embodiments, the present invention provides methods of using and making the adsorbent catalytic nanoparticles. In some examples, the adsorbent catalytic nanoparticles can be used to selectively remove fatty acids from feedstocks for biodiesel, and to hydrotreat the separated fatty acids.

A catalyst which comprises nickel and/or cobalt supported on a support that includes a mixed oxide containing metals, such as aluminum, zirconium, lanthanum, magnesium, cerium, calcium, and yttrium. Such catalysts are useful for converting carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide, and for converting methane to hydrogen.

A method for obtaining metal oxides supported on mesoporous silica particles includes a) providing a solution of at least one metal salt, b) providing a solution of at least one template forming agent of the general formula (I) Y.sub.3Si(CH.sub.2).sub.nX (I), wherein X is a complexing functional group; Y is OH or a hydrolysable moiety selected from the group containing halogen, alkoxy, aryloxy, acyloxy, c) mixing the metal salt solution and the complex forming agent solution to obtain a metal precursor; d) adding at least one solution containing at least one pore structure directing agent to the metal precursor to obtain a metal precursor template mixture; e) adding at least one alkali silicate solution to the metal precursor template mixture at room temperature to obtain a silica-supported metal complex; and f) calcination of the silica-supported metal complex under air to obtain the supported metal oxide mesoporous silica particles.

The present invention relates to a catalyst for the selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxide, the catalyst comprising a first coating comprising a 12-membered ring pore zeolitic material comprising a first metal which is one or more of copper and iron, and a second coating comprising an 8-membered ring pore zeolitic material comprising a second metal which is one or more of copper and iron.

The invention relates to a method for preparing a magnetic mesoporous silica-based (MMS) material, said method comprising the steps of: i) functionalising the silanol (SiOH) groups of a mesoporous silica-based material by covalently grafting a ligand (L) comprising, at at least one end, a zwitterionic group of formula (I), in particular which is capable of complexing superparamagnetic particles: where n is an integer equal to 3 or 4; ii) incorporating superparamagnetic ferrite (MFe.sub.2O.sub.4NP) particles within the mesoporous material, by means of which a magnetic mesoporous silica-based (MMS) material is obtained.

In one aspect, the disclosure relates to a method for depolymerizing plastics using radio frequency (RF) induction heating. The method can be conducted at low temperatures and does not require the addition of H.sub.2 or solvents. In one aspect, the method is tunable to produce commercially valuable C.sub.2-C.sub.20 compounds including, but not limited to, alkenes, cycloalkanes, cycloalkenes, hydrocarbon lubricants, and polymerizable monomers. In another aspect, the method can depolymerize both virgin plastics and recycled plastic materials. In still another aspect, catalysts useful in the disclosed method are resistant to coking and poisoning.

The present invention is related to a catalytic process, which includes catalytic compositions for depolymerisation and deoxygenation of lignin contained in the biomass for obtaining aromatic hydrocarbons. The catalytic composition includes at least one non-noble element from Group VIIIB of the periodic table supported on a mesoporous matrix composed of an inorganic oxide, which can be alumina surface-modified with a second inorganic oxide with the object of inhibiting the interaction between the active component and the support. The process of lignin depolymerisation includes dissolving lignin in a mixture of protic liquids, reacting it in a reaction system by batch or in continuous flow at inert and/or reducing atmosphere, at a temperature of between 60 to 320 C. and a pressure of from 5 to 90 kg/cm.sup.2.

The present disclosure relates to a process for preparing a catalyst for the selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxide. The process includes providing a zeolitic material including SiO.sub.2 and X.sub.2O.sub.3 in its framework structure, wherein X is a trivalent element; subjecting the zeolitic material to an ion exchange procedure with one or more iron (II) and/or iron (III) containing compounds; preparing a slurry including the Fe ion-exchanged zeolitic material, one or more copper (II) containing compounds, and a solvent system; providing a substrate and coating the slurry onto the substrate; and calcining the coated substrate. Furthermore, the present disclosure relates to a catalyst for the selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxide, an exhaust gas treatment system for the treatment of exhaust gas exiting from an internal combustion engine, and a method for the selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides.