To provide a structured catalyst for catalytic cracking or hydrodesulfurization that suppresses decline in catalytic activity, achieves efficient catalytic cracking, and allows simple and stable obtaining of a substance to be modified. The structured catalyst for catalytic cracking or hydrodesulfurization (1) includes a support (10) of a porous structure composed of a zeolite-type compound and at least one type of metal oxide nanoparticles (20) present in the support (10), in which the support (10) has channels (11) that connect with each other, the metal oxide nanoparticles (20) are present at least in the channels (11) of the support (10), and the metal oxide nanoparticles (20) are composed of a material containing any one or two more of the oxides of Fe, Al, Zn, Zr, Cu, Co, Ni, Ce, Nb, Ti, Mo, V, Cr, Pd, and Ru.

Catalysts and method of preparing the catalysts are disclosed. One of the catalysts includes a zeolite support, a Group VIII metal on the zeolite support, and at least two halides bound to the zeolite support, to the Group VIII metal, or to both, and can have an average crush strength greater than 11.25 lb based on at least two samples of pellets of the catalyst measured in accordance with ASTM D4179.

Catalysts and method of preparing the catalysts are disclosed. One of the catalysts includes a zeolite support, a Group VIII metal on the zeolite support, and at least two halides bound to the zeolite support, to the Group VIII metal, or to both, and can have an average crush strength greater than 11.25 lb based on at least two samples of pellets of the catalyst measured in accordance with ASTM D4179.

A catalyst structure includes a porous support structure, where the support structure includes an aluminosilicate material and any two or more metals loaded in the porous support structure selected from Ga, Ag, Mo, Zn, Co and Ce. The catalyst structure is used in a hydrocarbon upgrading process that is conducted in the presence of methane, nitrogen or hydrogen.

A catalyst structure includes a porous support structure, where the support structure includes an aluminosilicate material and any two or more metals loaded in the porous support structure selected from Ga, Ag, Mo, Zn, Co and Ce. The catalyst structure is used in a hydrocarbon upgrading process that is conducted in the presence of methane, nitrogen or hydrogen.

A process for converting C2-5 alkanes to higher value C5-24 hydrocarbon fuels and blendstocks. The C2-5 alkanes are converted to olefins by thermal olefination, without the use of a dehydrogenation catalyst and without the use of steam. The product olefins are fed to an oligomerization reactor containing a zeolite catalyst to crack, oligomerize and cyclize the olens to the fuel products which are then recovered. Optionally, hydrogen and methane are removed from the product olefin stream prior to oligomerization. Further optionally, C2-5 alkanes are removed from the product olefin stream prior to oligomerization.

A method and system for preparing epoxypropane by direct epoxidation of propylene includes the steps of subjecting a mixed gas of a first feed gas and a second feed gas to a contact reaction with a catalyst under reaction conditions of propylene epoxidation to prepare epoxypropane. The first feed gas contains oxygen gas and is free or substantially free of hydrogen gas. The second feed gas contains hydrogen gas and is free or substantially free of oxygen gas. The first feed gas and/or the second feed gas contain propylene, at least one of the first feed gas and the second feed gas further contains a diluent gas. The method can be used for reducing dosage of diluent gas, preferably recycling the tail gas, thereby significantly increasing the conversion rate of propylene without compromising the service life of catalyst.

A method and system for preparing epoxypropane by direct epoxidation of propylene includes the steps of subjecting a mixed gas of a first feed gas and a second feed gas to a contact reaction with a catalyst under reaction conditions of propylene epoxidation to prepare epoxypropane. The first feed gas contains oxygen gas and is free or substantially free of hydrogen gas. The second feed gas contains hydrogen gas and is free or substantially free of oxygen gas. The first feed gas and/or the second feed gas contain propylene, at least one of the first feed gas and the second feed gas further contains a diluent gas. The method can be used for reducing dosage of diluent gas, preferably recycling the tail gas, thereby significantly increasing the conversion rate of propylene without compromising the service life of catalyst.

Embodiments of a system and method are disclosed for obtaining high-energy fuels. In some embodiments, the system and method produces one or more fused cyclic compounds that can include one or more bridging points. The fused cyclic compounds are suitable for use as a high-energy fuels, and may be derived from biomass.

Certain selective catalytic reduction (SCR) articles, systems and methods provide for high NOx conversion while at the same time low N.sub.2O formation. The articles, systems and methods are suitable for instance for the treatment of exhaust gas of diesel engines. Certain articles have zoned coatings containing copper-containing molecular sieves disposed thereon, where for example a concentration of catalytic copper in an upstream zone is lower than the concentration of catalytic copper in a downstream zone.