To provide a structured catalyst for catalytic cracking or hydrodesulfurization that suppresses decline in catalytic activity, achieves efficient catalytic cracking, and allows simple and stable obtaining of a substance to be modified. The structured catalyst for catalytic cracking or hydrodesulfurization (1) includes a support (10) of a porous structure composed of a zeolite-type compound and at least one type of metal oxide nanoparticles (20) present in the support (10), in which the support (10) has channels (11) that connect with each other, the metal oxide nanoparticles (20) are present at least in the channels (11) of the support (10), and the metal oxide nanoparticles (20) are composed of a material containing any one or two more of the oxides of Fe, Al, Zn, Zr, Cu, Co, Ni, Ce, Nb, Ti, Mo, V, Cr, Pd, and Ru.

An changeable lead-lag configuration of two isomerization reactors can be used to achieve continuous isomerization operations in an aromatics production complex, even if the isomerization catalyst deactivates over time to require catalyst regeneration and/or replacement. The configuration can be particularly advantageous for two liquid phase isomerization reactors, especially those operated under a high WHSV≥5 hour.sup.−1 where the isomerization catalyst can deactivate at a high rate.

A catalyst for the carbonylation of dimethyl ether to methyl acetate. The catalyst comprises a zeolite, such as a mordenite zeolite, at least one Group IB metal, such as copper, and/or at least one Group VIII metal, such as iron, and at least one Group IIB metal, such as zinc. Such a catalyst with combined metals provides enhanced catalytic activity, improved stability, and improved selectivity to methyl acetate, and does not require a halogen promoter, as compared to a metal-free or copper only zeolite.

A catalyst for the carbonylation of dimethyl ether to methyl acetate. The catalyst comprises a zeolite, such as a mordenite zeolite, at least one Group IB metal, such as copper, and/or at least one Group VIII metal, such as iron, and at least one Group IIB metal, such as zinc. Such a catalyst with combined metals provides enhanced catalytic activity, improved stability, and improved selectivity to methyl acetate, and does not require a halogen promoter, as compared to a metal-free or copper only zeolite.

Systems and methods are provided for conversion of a combined feed of oxygenates (such as methanol or dimethyl ether) and olefins to a high octane naphtha boiling range product with a reduced or minimized aromatics content. The oxygenate conversion can be performed under conditions that reduce or minimize hydrogen transfer. Optionally, a catalyst that further facilitates formation of branched paraffins can be used, such as a catalyst that has some type of 12-member ring site available on the catalyst surface.

Disclosed herein is a process for producing para-xylene comprising the steps of: (a) contacting a feedstock comprising toluene with a first catalyst under effective vapor phase toluene disproportionation conditions to disproportionate said toluene and produce a first product comprising benzene, unreacted toluene and greater than equilibrium amounts of para-xylene; and (b) contacting a feedstock comprising C.sub.9+ aromatic hydrocarbons and benzene with a second catalyst in the presence of 0 wt. % or more of hydrogen having a 0 to 10 hydrogen/hydrocarbon molar ratio under effective C.sub.9+ transalkylation conditions to transalkylate said C.sub.9+ aromatic hydrocarbons and produce a second product comprising xylenes.

A catalyst for the carbonylation of dimethyl ether to methyl acetate. The catalyst comprises a zeolite, such as a mordenite zeolite, at least one Group IB metal, such as copper, and/or at least one Group VIII metal, such as iron, and at least one Group IIB metal, such as zinc. Such a catalyst with combined metals provides enhanced catalytic activity, improved stability, and improved selectivity to methyl acetate, and does not require a halogen promoter, as compared to a metal-free or copper only zeolite.

Embodiments of the present disclosure describe a catalyst for dehydrocyclisation of hydrocarbons comprising a suitable support and an organometallic complex or a coordination compound including at least a dehydrogenation metal, wherein the dehydrogenation metal of the organometallic complex or coordination compound is grafted to a selected site of the suitable support. Embodiments of the present disclosure further describe a method of preparing a dehydrocyclisation catalyst for hydrocarbons comprising grafting a dehydrogenation metal of an organometallic complex or coordination compound to a selected site of a suitable support to form the dehydrocyclisation catalyst. Another embodiment of the present disclosure is a method of dehydrocyclisation of hydrocarbons comprising contacting a hydrocarbon with a dehydrocyclisation catalyst to convert the hydrocarbon to an aromatic compound, wherein the dehydrocyclisation catalyst includes a dehydrogenation metal grafted to a selected site of a suitable support.

A functional structural body that can realize a prolonged life time by suppressing the decrease in function and that can fulfill resource saving without requiring a complicated replacement operation is provided. A functional structural body includes a skeletal body of a porous structure composed of a zeolite-type compound; and at least one solid acid present in the skeletal body, the skeletal body has channels connecting with each other, and the solid acid is present at least in the channels of the skeletal body.

To provide a functional structural body that can realize ong life time by suppressing the decline in function of the functional substance and that can attempt to save resources without requiring a complicated replacement operation, and to provide a method for making the functional structural body. The functional structural body (1) includes a skeletal body (10) of a porous structure composed of a zeolite-type compound, and at least one functional substance (20) present in the skeletal body (10), the skeletal body (10) has channels (11) connecting with each other, and the functional substance is present at least the channels (11) of the skeletal body (10).