Disclosed herein are modified zeolites and methods for making modified zeolites. In one or more embodiments disclosed herein, a modified zeolite may include a microporous framework including a plurality of micropores having diameters of less than or equal to 2 nm. The microporous framework includes at least silicon atoms and oxygen atoms. The modified zeolite may further include organometallic moieties each bonded to bridging oxygen atoms. The organometallic moieties include a hafnium atom. The hafnium atom is bonded to a bridging oxygen atom, and bridging oxygen atom bridges the hafnium atom of the organometallic moiety and a silicon atom of the microporous framework.

Provided herein is a catalytic article including a catalytic coating disposed on a substrate, wherein the catalytic coating comprises a bottom coating on the substrate and a top coating layer on the bottom coating layer, one such coating layer containing a platinum group metal on a refractory metal oxide support and the other such coating layer containing a ceria-containing molecular sieve. Such catalytic articles are effective toward treating exhaust gas streams of internal combustion engines and exhibit outstanding resistance to sulfur.

A bifunctional catalyst for example for conversion of oxygenates, the bifunctional catalyst comprising zeolite, alumina binder, Zn and P, wherein Zn is present at least partly as ZnAl.sub.2O.sub.4.

Disclosed herein are modified zeolites and methods for making modified zeolites. In one or more embodiments disclosed herein, a modified zeolite may include a microporous framework comprising a plurality of micropores having diameters of less than or equal to 2 nm. The microporous framework may include at least silicon atoms and oxygen atoms. The modified zeolite may further include organometallic moieties each bonded to bridging oxygen atoms. The organometallic moieties may include a titanium atom. The titanium atom may be bonded to a bridging oxygen atom, and the bridging oxygen atom may bridge the titanium atom of the organometallic moiety and a silicon atom of the microporous framework.

Provide is a functional structural body that can suppress aggregation of metal oxide nanoparticles and prevent functional loss of metal oxide nanoparticles, and thus exhibit a stable function over a long period of time. A functional structural body (1) includes: a skeletal body (10) of a porous structure composed of a zeolite-type compound; and at least one type of metal oxide nanoparticles (20) containing a perovskite-type oxide present in the skeletal body (10), the skeletal body (10) having channels (11) that connect with each other, and the metal oxide nanoparticles (20) being present at least in the channels (11) of the skeletal body (10).

A functional structural body includes a skeletal body of a porous structure composed of a zeolite-type compound, and at least one type of metallic nanoparticles present in the skeletal body, the skeletal body having channels connecting with each other, the metallic nanoparticles being present at least in the channels of the skeletal body.

To provide a functional structural body that can realize ong life time by suppressing the decline in function of the functional substance and that can attempt to save resources without requiring a complicated replacement operation, and to provide a method for making the functional structural body. The functional structural body (1) includes a skeletal body (10) of a porous structure composed of a zeolite-type compound, and at least one functional substance (20) present in the skeletal body (10), the skeletal body (10) has channels (11) connecting with each other, and the functional substance is present at least the channels (11) of the skeletal body (10).

A functional structural body that can realize a prolonged life time by suppressing the decrease in function and that can fulfill resource saving without requiring a complicated replacement operation is provided. A functional structural body includes a skeletal body of a porous structure composed of a zeolite-type compound; and at least one solid acid present in the skeletal body, the skeletal body has channels connecting with each other, and the solid acid is present at least in the channels of the skeletal body.

The invention is directed to a process to prepare propylene from a mixture of hydrocarbons having an olefin content of between 5 and 50 wt. % and boiling for more than 90 vol. % between 35 and 280 ?C or from a hydrocarbon feed comprising paraffins, naphthenics and/or aromatics and optionally up to 10 wt. % of olefins, by first contacting the feed with a low acidic density cracking catalyst in a reactor, separating propylene and subsequently contacting the residue with a high acidic density cracking catalyst in a reactor at a more elevated temperature, separating propylene and recycling the residue to first and second cracking reactors. Aromatics may be added to first and second cracking step to improve cycle length.

A catalyst may include a metallic function derived from a metal constrained within cages and/or channels of a microporous material, wherein the cages and/or channels of the microporous material are defined by 8 tetrahedral atoms or fewer; and an acidic function derived from an additional zeolite having cages and/or channels defined by 10 or more tetrahedral atoms, wherein the microporous material providing the metallic function and additional zeolite providing the acidic function are coupled by a binder.