Processes are provided for preparing molecular sieves for use as catalysts. The process involves preparing a synthesis mixture for the molecular sieve wherein the synthesis mixture includes a morphology modifier which may be selected from cationic surfactants having a single quaternary ammonium group comprising at least one hydrocarbyl group having at least 12 carbon atoms, nonionic surfactants, anionic surfactants, sugars, and combinations thereof.

A method of making a multifunctional catalyst for upgrading pyrolysis oil includes contacting a hierarchical mesoporous zeolite support with a solution including at least a first metal catalyst precursor and a second metal catalyst precursor, each or both of which may include a heteropolyacid. The hierarchical mesoporous zeolite support may have an average pore size of from 2 nm to 40 nm. Contacting the hierarchical mesoporous zeolite support with the solution deposits or adsorbs the first metal catalyst precursor and the second catalyst precursor onto outer surfaces and pore surfaces of the hierarchical mesoporous zeolite support to produce a multifunctional catalyst precursor. The method further includes removing excess solution and calcining the multifunctional catalyst precursor to produce the multifunctional catalyst comprising at least a first metal catalyst and a second metal catalyst deposited on the outer surfaces and pore surfaces of the hierarchical mesoporous zeolite support.

A method is provided for forming composite of nano-sized zeolite beta and hierarchical zeolite Y. The method includes synthesizing a hierarchical zeolite Y, synthesizing a gel of a nano-sized zeolite beta, forming a slurry of the nano-sized zeolite beta from the gel, and mixing the hierarchical zeolite Y with the slurry to form a composite. The composite is dried and an extrudable paste is formed from the dried composite. The extrudable paste is extruded to form extrudates, which are calcined to form calcined extrudates.

A process for dehydrating methanol to dimethyl ether using a Brønsted acid catalyst which is a 1-dimensional or a 3-dimensional aluminosilicate zeolite or a heteropolyacid, and a promoter of Formula I C.sub.nH.sub.(2n+1)CO.sub.2CH.sub.3 wherein n=1 to 11 or Formula II C.sub.mH.sub.2m(CO.sub.2CH.sub.3).sub.2 wherein m=2 to 7 and the molar ratio of promoter to methanol is maintained at less than 1.

A process for dehydrating methanol to dimethyl ether product in the presence of a solid Brønsted acid catalyst which is an aluminosilicate zeolite or a heteropolyacid and a promoter which is (i) a ketone of formula R.sup.1COR.sup.2 (Formula I) in which R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are identical or different and are each a C.sub.1-C.sub.11 alkyl group and furthermore R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 together with the carbonyl carbon atom to which they are bonded may form a cyclic ketone; or (ii) a ketal derivative of a ketone of Formula I; and the molar ratio of promoter to methanol is maintained at 0.5 or less.

A method of making a multifunctional catalyst for upgrading pyrolysis oil includes contacting a zeolite support with a solution including at least a first metal catalyst precursor and a second metal catalyst precursor, the first metal catalyst precursor, the second metal catalyst precursor, or both, including a heteropolyacid. Contacting the zeolite support with the solution deposits or adsorbs the first metal catalyst precursor and the second catalyst precursor onto outer surfaces and pore surfaces of the zeolite support to produce a multifunctional catalyst precursor. The method further includes removing excess solution from the multifunctional catalyst precursor and calcining the multifunctional catalyst precursor to produce the multifunctional catalyst comprising at least a first metal catalyst and a second metal catalyst deposited on the outer surfaces and pore surfaces of the zeolite support.

A process is described for reducing the level of benzene in a refinery gasoline feed containing benzene and at least one C.sub.5+ olefin, in which the refinery gasoline feed is contacted with a first alkylation catalyst under conditions effective to react at least part of the C.sub.5+ olefin and benzene in the refinery gasoline feed and produce a first alkylation effluent. The first alkylation effluent is separated into at least (i) a first fraction rich in benzene, (ii) a second fraction rich in C.sub.7 to C.sub.12 hydrocarbons and (iii) a third fraction rich in C.sub.13+ hydrocarbons. At least part of the first fraction is contacted with an alkylating agent comprising one or more C.sub.2 to C.sub.4 olefins in the presence of a second alkylation catalyst under conditions effective to produce a second alkylation effluent which has reduced benzene content as compared with the first fraction.

According to one or more embodiments, cationic polymers may be produced which include one or more monomers containing cations. Such cationic polymers may be utilized as structure directing agents to for mesoporous zeolites. The mesoporous zeolites may include micropores as well as mesopores, and may have a surface area of greater than 350 m.sup.2/g and a pore volume of greater than 0.3 cm.sup.3/g. Also described are core/shell zeolites, where at least the shell portion includes a mesoporous zeolite material.

Provided are novel synthesis techniques for producing pure phase aluminosilicate zeolite and a catalyst comprising the phase pure zeolite in combination with a metal, and methods of using the same.

The present disclosure generally provides selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst compositions, catalyst articles and catalyst systems including such catalyst articles for treating engine exhaust gas. In particular, the SCR catalyst composition includes a first zeolite and a second zeolite and has not been subjected to temperatures above 650° C. The first zeolite includes a promoter metal and has a first framework structure and at least a portion of the second zeolite is in a form selected from H.sup.+ form, NH.sub.4.sup.+ form, alkali metal form, alkaline earth metal form, and combinations thereof and has a second framework structure. The first framework structure and the second framework structure are different.