Continuity compositions are provided as are methods of their preparation. The compositions comprise metal carboxylate salts and fatty amines and find advantageous use in olefin polymerization processes.

The present disclosure relates to preparation of liquid salt including but not limiting to ionic liquid and applications thereof. More particularly, the present disclosure provides a process for preparing ionic liquid which comprises reacting at least one electron-pair acceptor and at least one electron-pair donor to form an adduct, and reacting the adduct with at least one electron-pair acceptor to prepare said salt. The present disclosure also provides for applications of the ionic liquid prepared in the present disclosure.

[Problem] The purpose of the present invention is to obtain a multifunctional (meth)acrylate with good yield by an ester exchange reaction of a polyhydric alcohol such as pentaerythritol or dipentaerythritol with a monofunctional (meth)acrylate.

[Solution] A multifunctional (meth)acrylate manufacturing method characterized in that when manufacturing a multifunctional (meth)acrylate by an ester exchange reaction of a polyhydric alcohol with a monofunctional (meth)acrylate, catalyst (A) and catalyst (B) are used together. Catalyst (A): One or more kinds of compounds selected from a group consisting of cyclic tertiary amines with an azabicyclo structure or salts or complexes thereof, amidines or salts or complexes thereof, and compounds with a pyridine ring or salts or complexes thereof. Catalyst (B): One or more kinds of compounds selected from a group consisting of zinc-containing compounds.

Polymerization catalyst compositions are provided as are methods of their preparation. The compositions comprise fatty amines and find advantageous use in olefin polymerization processes. The catalyst composition comprises at least one supported polymerization catalyst wherein the catalyst composition is modified with at least one fatty amine wherein the fatty amine is substantially free of particulate inorganic material.

Continuity compositions are provided as are methods of their preparation. The compositions comprise at least one metal carboxylate salt which is modified with at least one molten fatty amine. These compositions find advantageous use in olefin polymerization processes.

A compound of Formula (I)

##STR00001## wherein in Formula (I), Ri.sup.1, Ri.sup.2, Ri.sup.3, and Ri.sup.4 are each independently an aryl or heteroaryl 5- or 6-membered ring optionally substituted with a C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, C.sub.1-6 alkylthio, halogen, cyano, halogenated C.sub.1-6 alkyl, halogenated C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, or di(C.sub.1-6 alkyl)amino; each L.sup.1, L.sup.2, L.sup.3, and L.sup.4 is independently a bond or a C.sub.1-30 linking group optionally including a heteroatom; CtS.sup.1 and CtS.sup.2 are each independently catalytic moieties; Z is a moiety that increases crystallinity of the compound; and r is 0 to 4, wherein a first geometric isomer of the compound of Formula (I) has a first solubility in the organic solvent, and a second geometric isomer of Formula (I) has a second, different solubility in the organic solvent. Use of the compound of Formula (I) as a homogenous organocatalyst, or as a photoswitchable, homogenous organocatalyst, or as a recyclable, photoswitchable, homogenous organocatalyst.

A transformational energy efficient technology using ionic liquid (IL) to couple with monoethanolamine (MEA) for catalytic CO.sub.2 capture is disclosed. [EMmim.sup.+][NTF.sub.2.sup.] based catalysts are rationally synthesized and used for CO.sub.2 capture with MEA. A catalytic CO.sub.2 capture mechanism is disclosed according to experimental and computational studies on the [EMmim.sup.+][NTF.sub.2.sup.] for the reversible CO.sub.2 sorption and desorption.

Provided are a polyurethane foam composition with excellent flame retardancy, a polyurethane foam containing the same, and an automotive internal material. Specifically, the polyurethane foam composition, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, contains: 50 to 70 wt % of a polyol mixture containing a polyol, a phosphorus-based flame retardant containing hydroxyl groups (OH) at both terminals, a carbon-based flame retardant, a foaming agent, and an additive; and 30 to 50 wt % of an isocyanate.

In one embodiment, the present application discloses mixtures comprising (a) water in an amount of at least 1% wt/wt of the mixture; (b) a transition metal catalyst; and (c) one or more solubilizing agents; and methods for using such mixtures for performing transition metal mediated bond formation reactions.

In one embodiment, the present application discloses mixtures comprising (a) water in an amount of at least 1% wt/wt of the mixture; (b) a transition metal catalyst; and (c) one or more solubilizing agents; and methods for using such mixtures for performing transition metal mediated bond formation reactions.