An amide/iminium zwitterion catalyst has a catalyst pocket size that promotes transesterification and dehydrative esterification. The amide/iminium zwitterions are easily prepared by reacting aziridines with aminopyridines. The reaction can be applied a wide variety of esterification processes including the large-scale synthesis of biodiesel. The amide/iminium zwitterions allow the avoidance of strongly basic or acidic condition and avoidance of metal contamination in the products. Reactions are carried out at ambient or only modestly elevated temperatures. The amide/iminium zwitterion catalyst is easily recycled and reactions proceed in high to quantitative yields.

A method of fixating carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2) to a substituted oxazolidinone. The method includes mixing a metal-organic framework (MOF), a co-catalyst, at least one para-substituted aromatic amine, and at least one epoxide to form a mixture. The method further includes contacting the mixture with a gas stream containing CO.sub.2 to react the CO.sub.2 in the gas stream with the epoxide and para-substituted aromatic amine to form a substituted oxazolidinone mixture. The MOF is a UiO-66-X MOF, where X is of formula (I) wherein at least one of R.sup.1 to R.sup.4 is an allyloxy group, and R.sup.1 to R.sup.4 are independently an allyloxy group or a hydrogen. ##STR00001##

It is an object of the present invention to provide a solid drug that is very convenient to transport and store. In order to achieve the object, a drug according to the present invention is a solid drug that includes a radical generating catalyst and a radical generation source.

The present invention pertains to a novel process of manufacturing the compound 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (1234yf). The compound 1234yf is the newest refrigerant with zero OPD (Ozone Depleting Potential) and zero GWP (Global Warming Potential). Thus, the invention relates to a process, involving a carbene generation route, for the manufacture of the compound 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (1234yf), of the compound 243db (2,3-dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoropropane), and optionally of the compound 2-chloro-1,1,1-trifluoropropene (1233xf) via carbene route and compound 243db (2,3-dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoropropane). The invention also relates to a process for the manufacture of the compound 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (1234yf), wherein the compound 243db (2,3-dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoropropane) serves as a starting material, for the manufacture of the compound 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (1234yf). Further, the invention relates to a process for the manufacture of the compound 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (1234yf), and of the compound 243db (2,3-dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoropropane), the initial starting materials are selected from the group consisting of com-pound 123 (2,2-dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane), compound 124 (2-chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane), and compound 125 (pentafluoroethane).

Catalyst systems suitable for tetramerizing ethylene to form 1-octene may include a catalyst having a structure according to Formula (VI) or Formula (VII). In Formulas (VI) and (VII), X is a halogen, a (C.sub.2-C.sub.30) carboxylate, acetylacetonate, or a (C.sub.1-C.sub.30) hydrocarbyl; L.sub.1 is a neutral coordinating ligand; n is an integer from 0 to 6; Y is a (C.sub.6-C.sub.20)fluorine-substituted aryl, a (C.sub.6-C.sub.20)fluorine-substituted aryloxy, or a (C.sub.1-C.sub.20)fluorine-substituted alkoxy; and L∩L is a bidentate chelating ligand. The catalyst system may also include an aluminum containing agent which includes a reaction product of an organoaluminum compound and an antifouling compound. The antifouling compound may include one or more quaternary salts.

The invention provides a method for producing an epoxy compound by hydrogen peroxide using an organic compound having a carbon-carbon double bond as a raw material, wherein a by-product is suppressed from being generated and the epoxy compound is produced in a high yield. In particular, the invention provides a method for producing an epoxy compound involving oxidizing a carbon-carbon double bond in an organic compound with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of a catalyst, wherein the catalyst comprises a tungsten compound; a phosphoric acid, a phosphonic acid or salts thereof; and an onium salt having an alkyl sulfate ion represented by formula (I) as an anion: ##STR00001##
wherein R.sup.1 is a linear or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 18 carbons, which may be substituted with 1 to 3 phenyl groups.

A method of preparing an alkoxy-functional organosiloxane compound is provided. The method comprises reacting (A) an initial organosiloxane compound and (B) an alcohol component in the presence of (C) a catalyst and, optionally, (D) an organosilicon compound, thereby preparing the alkoxy-functional organosiloxane compound. The initial organosiloxane compound (A) comprises at least one silanol group. The alcohol component (B) comprises an organic alcohol. The catalyst (C) comprises an ammonium carboxylate compound. The organosilicon compound (D), when utilized, comprises at least one alkoxysilyl group. A reaction product comprising an alkoxy-functional organosiloxane compound prepared in accordance with the method, and compositions comprising the reaction product and the alkoxy-functional organosiloxane compound are also provided. The alkoxy-functional organosiloxane compound, and the reaction product and composition comprising the same, are prepared in increased purity low cyclic content from depolymerization.

The present disclosure provides a preparation method of 4-(heptafluoro-2-propyl)-2-trifluoromethylaniline and an application thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: reacting 2-aminobenzotrifluoride and 2-bromoheptafluoropropane in the presence of sodium formate or hydrates thereof and a SO.sub.2 reagent, so as to obtain 4-(heptafluoro-2-propyl)-2-trifluoromethylaniline. The present disclosure adds sodium formate or hydrate thereof and the SO.sub.2 reagent during the reaction of 2-aminobenzotrifluoride and 2-bromoheptafluoropropane. Under the cooperation of these two compounds, the yield of the reaction is high. And the purity of the product is high, the operation method is simple, the cost is relatively low, and the pH of the reaction doesn't need to be controlled.

The present invention pertains to a novel process of manufacturing the compound 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (1234yf). The compound 1234yf is the newest refrigerant with zero OPD (Ozone Depleting Potential) and zero GWP (Global Warming Potential). Thus, the invention relates to a process, involving a carbene generation route, for the manufacture of the compound 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (1234yf), of the compound 243db (2,3-dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoropropane), and optionally of the compound 2-chloro-1,1,1-trifluoropropene (1233xf) via carbene route and compound 243db (2,3-dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoropropane). The invention also relates to a process for the manufacture of the compound 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (1234yf), wherein the compound 243db (2,3-dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoropropane) serves as a starting material, for the manufacture of the compound 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (1234yf). Further, the invention relates to a process for the manufacture of the compound 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (1234yf), and of the compound 243db (2,3-dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoropropane), the initial starting materials are selected from the group consisting of com-pound 123 (2,2-dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane), compound 124 (2-chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane), and compound 125 (pentafluoroethane).

A chemical synthesis method to fabricate boron carbide to obtain boron carbide fine powders includes the steps of: (A) formulating a precursor solution including a boron source, a liquid organic carbon source and a catalyst; (B) subjecting the precursor solution to a pyrolytic reaction in the presence of electromagnetic radiation to obtain a boron carbide precursor; and (C) subjecting the boron carbide precursor to a thermal energy treatment in the presence of thermal energy to obtain boron carbide fine powders.