Provided are polymorphic forms of compound 5 or 5*, or mixtures thereof, and polymorph forms of compound 14 or 14*, or mixtures thereof. Also provided are methods of preparing compound 5 or 5*, or mixtures thereof, and methods of preparing compound of 14 or 14*, or mixtures thereof, which are useful as antifungal agents. In particular, provided is new methodology for preparing polymorphs of the compounds described and substituted derivatives thereof.

This application is in the field of technologies for desulfurization and demercaptanization of raw gaseous hydrocarbons (including natural gas, tail gas, technological gas, etc, including gaseous media). It can be used for simultaneous dehydration and desulfurization/demercaptanization of any kind of raw gaseous hydrocarbons.

A carbonate-containing oligomer, a manufacturing method for a carbonate-containing oligomer and a crosslinked product are provided. The carbonate-containing oligomer includes a structure represented by formula (I), and formula (I) is defined as in the specification. The crosslinked product is obtained by mixing the carbonate-containing oligomer with a modified polyphenylene ether resin, and adding a peroxide to perform a curing reaction.

The disclosure relates to a method for chemically recycling a condensation polymer, which includes melt-processing a mixture including a condensation polymer and an internal catalyst to increase the amorphous content of the polymer, followed by depolymerizing polymer in a reaction medium with a reactive solvent. Melt-processing and quenching of a condensation polymer generally reduces the crystalline content of the polymer and correspondingly increases the amorphous content of the polymer, which makes the polymer more amenable to subsequent depolymerization. Inclusion of the internal catalyst, for example a volatile organic catalyst, during melt-processing not only improves the relative degree of amorphization during melt-processing, but it also enhances the rate and conversion of the depolymerization stage that would otherwise be rate-limited by mass transport of an external catalyst from the bulk reaction medium to the polymer surface for depolymerization.

A process for producing high octane alkylate is provided. The process involves reacting isobutane and ethylene using an ionic liquid catalyst. Reaction conditions can be chosen to assist in attaining, or to optimize, desirable alkylate yields and/or properties.

The invention is related to the sphere technologies for desulfurization and demercaptanization of gaseous hydrocarbons. It can be used for purification of any gaseous hydrocarbon medium. The device includes a catalytic reactor loaded with a catalyst solution in an organic solvent, a means of withdrawal sulfur solution from the reactor into the sulfur-separating unit, and a sulfur-separating unit. The sulfur-separation unit includes a means of sulfur extraction. The reactor design and the catalyst composition provide conversion of at least 99.99% of hydrogen sulfide and mercaptans into sulfur and disulfides. The catalyst is composed of mixed-ligand complexes of transition metals. The technical result achieved by use of claimed invention is effectively a single-stage purification of gaseous hydrocarbons from hydrogen sulfide and mercaptans with remaining concentration of SH down to 0.001 ppm while leaving no toxic waste.

A method for the manufacture of a 2-aryl-3,3-bis(hydroxyaryl)phthalimidine including heating a reaction mixture comprising a phenolphthalein compound and a primary arylamine in the presence of an acid catalyst, and a heterocyclic aromatic amine co-catalyst, to form the 2-aryl-3,3-bis(hydroxyaryl) is provided. Polymers including structural units derived from the 2-aryl-3,3-bis(hydroxyaryl)phthalimidine are provided. Methods for the manufacture of a polycarbonate, including manufacturing the 2-aryl-3,3-bis(hydroxyaryl)phthalimidine, and polymerizing the 2-aryl-3,3-bis(hydroxyaryl)phthalimidine in the presence of a carbonate source are provided.

This application is in the field of technologies for desulfurization and demercaptanization of gaseous hydrocarbons. The device includes a catalytic reactor loaded with a catalyst solution in an organic solvent, a means of withdrawal sulfur solution from the reactor into the sulfur-separating unit, and a sulfur-separating unit. The said device has at least means of supplying gaseous hydrocarbon medium to be purified and oxygen-containing gas into the reactor, and a means of outletting the purified gas from the reactor. The sulfur-separation unit includes a means of sulfur extraction. The reactor design and the catalyst composition provide conversion of at least 99.99% of hydrogen sulfide and mercaptans into sulfur and disulfides. The catalyst is composed of mixed-ligand complexes of transition metals. The technical result achieved by use of claimed invention is single-stage purification of gaseous hydrocarbons from hydrogen sulfide and mercaptans with remaining concentration of SH down up to 0.001 ppm.

The present invention provides a (meth)acrylate manufacturing method characterized in that when manufacturing a (meth)acrylate by an ester exchange reaction between an alcohol and a monofunctional (meth)acrylate using catalyst A and catalyst B together, contact treatment of the ester exchange reaction product with adsorbent C is performed. Catalyst A: One or more kinds of compounds selected from a group consisting of cyclic tertiary amines with an azabicyclo structure and salts or complexes thereof, amidine and salts or complexes thereof, compounds with a pyridine ring and salts or complexes thereof, phosphines and salts or complexes thereof, and compounds with a tertiary diamine structure and salts or complexes thereof. Catalyst B: One or more kinds of compounds selected from a group consisting of compounds comprising zinc. Adsorbent C: One or more kinds of compounds selected from a group consisting of oxides and hydroxides comprising at least one of magnesium, aluminum and silicon.

Provided herein are cinchonium betaine catalysts and methods of promoting asymmetric imine isomerization reactions using the same.