Process for alkoxycarbonylation of ethylenically unsaturated compounds using benzene-based diphosphine ligands and aluminium triflate.

The invention relates to a method for preparation of diesters from anhydrides of carboxylic acids.

The present invention relates to methods of controlling hydroformylation processes for producing normal (N) and iso (I) aldehydes at a N:I ratio. In one aspect, a method of controlling a hydroformylation process comprises contacting an olefin with carbon monoxide, hydrogen and a catalyst, the catalyst comprising (A) a transition metal, (B) a monophosphine, and (C) a tetraphosphine having the structure described herein, the contacting conducted in one or more reaction zones and at hydroformylation conditions to produce a blend of normal (N) and iso (I) aldehydes at a N:I ratio, the method comprising at least one of increasing the N:I ratio by adding additional tetraphosphine to a reaction zone; decreasing the N:I ratio by adding additional monophosphine to a reaction zone; or increasing the N:I ratio by volatilization of the free monophosphine.

The present invention provides a compound having the structure:

##STR00001##

wherein X.sub.1 is H or alkyl; Y.sub.1 is H, -alkyl, -alkenyl, -alkynyl, alkylaryl, -cycloalkyl, -aryl, heteroaryl, -alkyl-Y.sub.3 or -alkyl-C(O)Y.sub.4, and Y.sub.2 is H, -alkyl, -alkenyl, -alkynyl, alkylaryl, -cycloalkyl, -aryl, heteroaryl, -alkyl-Y.sub.3 or -alkyl-C(O)Y.sub.4, wherein each Y.sub.3 is, independently, —OH, -O(alkyl), —NH.sub.2, -NH(alkyl) or halogen, and each Y.sub.4 is, independently, —OH, -O(alkyl), —NH.sub.2, -NH(alkyl) or -N(alkyl).sub.2; Z.sub.1 is H, -alkyl, -alkenyl, -alkynyl, alkylaryl, -aryl, heteroaryl, -alkyl-Z.sub.3 or -alkyl-C(O)Z.sub.4, and Z.sub.2 is H, -alkyl, -alkenyl, -alkynyl, alkylaryl, -aryl, heteroaryl, -alkyl-Z.sub.3 or -alkyl-C(O)Z.sub.4, wherein each Z.sub.3 is, independently, —OH, -O(alkyl), —NH.sub.2, -NH(alkyl) or halogen, and each Z.sub.4 is, independently, —OH, -O(alkyl), —NH.sub.2, -NH(alkyl) or -N(alkyl).sub.2; R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are each, independently, —H, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —NO.sub.2, —CN, —CF.sub.3, —CF.sub.2H, —OCF.sub.3, -(alkyl), -(alkenyl), -(alkynyl), -(aryl), -(heteroaryl), —OH, —OAc, -O-(alkyl), -O-(alkenyl), -O-(alkynyl), -O-(aryl), -O-(heteroaryl), —SH, -S-(alkyl), -S-(alkenyl), -S-(alkynyl), -S-(aryl), -S-(heteroaryl), —NH.sub.2, -NH-(alkyl), -NH-(alkenyl), -NH-(alkynyl), -NH-(aryl), -NH-(heteroaryl), -C(O)R.sub.5, -S(O)R.sub.5, -SO.sub.2R.sub.5, -NHSO.sub.2R.sub.5, -OC(O)R.sub.5, -SC(O)R.sub.5, -NHC(O)R.sub.6 or -NHC(S)R.sub.6, wherein each R.sub.5 is, independently, -(alkyl), -(aryl), -(heteroaryl), —OH, -O(alkyl), —NH.sub.2, -NH(alkyl) or -N (alkyl) .sub.2, and wherein each R.sub.6 is, independently, -(alkyl), -(aryl), -O-(alkyl), -S-(alkyl), -S-(aryl), —NH.sub.2, -NH(alkyl) or -N (alkyl) .sub.2, wherein the compound is other than any of ibogaine, ibogamine, N-methyl-ibogaine, N-methyl-noribogaine, N-ethyl-noribogaine, N-methyl-ibogamine or 10-ethoxy-ibogamine, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the compound, and methods of using the composition to treat pain, depressive disorders, mood disorders, anxiety disorders, substance use disorders, opioid use disorders, and opioid withdrawal symptoms.

This invention relates to novel hydrogenation catalyst compositions obtainable from reacting metal-based complex hydrogenation catalysts with specific co-catalysts and to a process for selectively hydrogenating nitrile rubbers in the presence of such novel hydrogenation catalyst compositions.

Provided is a method of preparing an acrylonitrile dimer including: supplying an acrylonitrile monomer, a phosphorus-based catalyst, and an alcohol solvent to a reactor to perform a dimerization reaction to produce dimerized reactants (S10); cooling the dimerized reactants to crystallize the phosphorus-based catalyst (S20); separating the crystallized phosphorus-based catalyst (S30); and supplying the dimerized reactants from which the phosphorus-based catalyst is separated to a distillation column to separate the acrylonitrile dimer (S40).

The disclosure provides a catalyst system and a method for ethylene oligomerization using this. The catalyst system contains: ligand a, containing carbene groups of imidazole ring type; transition metal compound b, that is one of IVB˜VIII group metal compounds; activator c, that is a compound containing III A group metals; the ligand a contains at least one group as shown in general formula I: ##STR00001##
in which, bridging group A contains a main chain including alkyl, alkenyl, aryl groups or the combination of them and the first heteratom; E is a linear or cyclic group containing the second heteroatom; R is a hydrocarbyl group. The catalyst system is especially used for trimerization and tetramerization of ethylene. The catalyst system has high selectivity for 1-hexene and 1-octene, low selectivity for 1-butene and 1-C.sub.10+, and the total percent content of C.sub.6˜C.sub.8 linear □α-olefin in the product is more than 90% by mass.

It is desired to develop a method of producing hydrogen peroxide, which is capable of producing hydrogen peroxide with high production efficiency. According to the present invention, provided is a palladium-containing composition comprising palladium particles and a coating agent that coats the surface of the palladium particles, wherein a compound having an O═X structure (wherein X represents any of a phosphorus atom, a sulfur atom, and a carbon atom) is comprised as the coating agent.

The present invention relates to methods for slowing deactivation of a catalyst and/or slowing tetraphosphine ligand usage in a hydroformylation process. In one aspect, a method comprises (a) contacting an olefin with carbon monoxide, hydrogen and a catalyst, the catalyst comprising (A) a transition metal, (B) a tetraphosphine having the structure described herein, and, optionally, (C) a monophosphine having the structure described herein, the contacting conducted in one or more reaction zones and at hydroformylation conditions; and (b) adding additional monophosphine having the structure described herein to a reaction zone.

This invention relates to novel hydrogenation catalyst compositions obtainable from reacting metal-based complex hydrogenation catalysts with specific co-catalysts and to a process for selectively hydrogenating nitrile rubbers in the presence of such novel hydrogenation catalyst compositions.