The present invention relates to a method for generating oxygen, comprising providing at least one oxygen source, providing at least one ionic liquid, the ionic liquid comprising a cation and an anion, wherein the oxygen source is a hydrogen peroxide adduct compound which is at least partially soluble in the ionic liquid, the ionic liquid is in the liquid state at least in a temperature range from 10 C. to +50 C., and the anion is selected from metallate anions, and contacting the oxygen source and the ionic liquid.

The invention relates to a composition for generating oxygen, comprising at least one oxygen source, and at least one ionic liquid comprising a cation and an anion, wherein the oxygen source is a peroxide compound, the ionic liquid is in the liquid state at least in a temperature range from 10 C. to +50 C., and the anion is selected from metallate anions.

The present invention is directed to a method for generating oxygen comprising providing at least one oxygen source, providing at least one ionic liquid, providing at least one metal oxide compound, wherein the oxygen source is a peroxide compound, the ionic liquid is in the liquid state at least in the temperature range from 10 C. to +50 C., and the metal oxide compound is an oxide of one single metal or of two or more different metals, said metal(s) being selected from the metals of groups 2 to 14 of the periodic table of the elements, and contacting the oxygen source, the ionic liquid, and the metal oxide compound.

Methods for making acrylic acid, acrylic acid derivatives, or mixtures thereof by contacting a feed stream containing lactic acid, lactic acid derivatives, or mixtures thereof with a molten salt catalyst comprising an ionic liquid (IL) and an acid in liquid phase are provided.

A micro-emulsion and a method of making the micro-emulsion are described. The micro-emulsion composition includes more than about 50 vol % of an oil phase and polar structures. The oil phase comprises a hydrocarbon component and a co-solvent, and the polar structures comprise an ionic liquid. The ionic liquid comprises a halometallate anion and a cation which is at least slightly soluble in the hydrocarbon component or in the co-solvent. The micro-emulsion can optionally include a surfactant, and a catalyst promoter. The co-solvent has a polarity greater than the polarity of the hydrocarbon, and the co-solvent is miscible in the hydrocarbon.

There is provided an optical wavelength conversion element with a good temporal stability and such a high optical wavelength conversion efficiency that the element is viable even under sunlight or similar, low intensity light. Owing to these properties, the element is suited for use in solar cells, photocatalysts, photocatalytic hydrogen and oxygen generating devices, photon upconversion filters, and like articles. The optical wavelength conversion element is visually homogeneous and transparent and produced by dissolving and/or dispersing in an ionic liquid (C) a combination of organic photosensitizing molecules (A) and organic light-emitting molecules (B) that exhibits triplet-triplet annihilation. The organic photosensitizing molecules (A) have either an only one local maximum absorption wavelength or a plurality of local maximum absorption wavelengths, and either the single local maximum absorption wavelength or a maximum one of the plurality of local maximum absorption wavelengths is from 250 nm to 499 nm.

Catalysts that include at least one catalytically active element and one helper catalyst can be used to increase the rate or lower the overpotential of chemical reactions. The helper catalyst can simultaneously act as a director molecule, suppressing undesired reactions and thus increasing selectivity toward the desired reaction. These catalysts can be useful for a variety of chemical reactions including, in particular, the electrochemical conversion of CO.sub.2 or formic acid. The catalysts can also suppress H.sub.2 evolution, permitting electrochemical cell operation at potentials below RHE. Chemical processes and devices using the catalysts are also disclosed, including processes to produce CO, OH.sup., HCO.sup., H.sub.2CO, (HCO.sub.2).sup., H.sub.2CO.sub.2, CH.sub.3OH, CH.sub.4, C.sub.2H.sub.4, CH.sub.3CH.sub.2OH, CH.sub.3COO.sup., CH.sub.3COOH, C.sub.2H.sub.6, O.sub.2, H.sub.2, (COOH).sub.2, or (COO.sup.).sub.2, and a specific device, namely, a CO.sub.2 sensor.

Provided are a preparation method of an ion catalyst material for PET chemical recycling and a PET chemical recycling method. The preparation method of an ion catalyst material for PET chemical recycling includes the following. A metal chloride is added to an alkylimidazole-chloride ionic liquid to form a bisalkylimidazole-metal tetrachloride ionic liquid that is grafted on a porous carrier.