Provided are catalysts, methods of making catalysts, methods of using catalysts, and copolymers made utilizing the catalysts. The catalyst has a metal salen complex group, a bridging group, and one or more co-catalyst groups. The metal salen complex group is attached to the bridging group and the bridging group is attached to the co-catalyst group. The copolymers made utilizing the catalysts are polyesters or polycarbonates.

The selective oligomerization of ethylene to produce a mixture comprising octene and hexene is conducted in the presence of a catalyst system comprising a source of chromium; two different P—N—P ligands and an activator. The phosphorus atoms of both ligands have ortho-fluoro phenyl substituents. The nitrogen atom of the first ligand has an isopropyl substituent. The nitrogen of the second ligand has a larger/bulkier hydrocarbyl substituent on the N atom. The hexene produced by the process of this invention has very high alpha selectivity.

Novel catalytic compositions are disclosed comprising novel unsymmetrical metallocene catalytic compounds. Also disclosed are uses of such catalytic compositions in olefin polymerisation reactions, as well as processes of polymerising olefins. When compared with the prior art compositions, the catalytic compositions of the invention are markedly more active in the polymerisation of olefins.

A highly efficient method for the conversion of a natural product into the high density fuel RJ-4 with concomitant evolution of isobutylene for conversion to fuels and polymers, more specifically, embodiments of the invention relate to efficient methods for the conversion of the renewable, linear terpene alcohol, linalool into a drop-in, high density fuel suitable for ramjet or missile propulsion.

Processes for producing an α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acid, such as acrylic acid, or a salt thereof, using solid promoters are disclosed. The solid promoters can be certain solid oxides, mixed oxides, and clays, illustrative examples of which can include alumina, zirconia, magnesia, magnesium aluminate, sepiolite, and similar materials.

An aluminum catalyst is obtained by reacting at least one compound of a specific alkylaluminum compound and a specific hydridoaluminum compound with a specific hydroxy compound. The specific hydroxyl compound is a specific 2-cycloalkyl-6-arylphenol or a specific di(2-cycloalkyl-6-arylphenol). A method for producing isopulegol or optically active isopulegol includes selectively cyclizing citronellal using the aluminum catalyst.

The present disclosure relates to a porous solid adduct comprising magnesium chloride and ethanol, characterized by a relationship between the content of alcohol, average pore radius and amount of porosity deriving from pores with radii of 100-1000 nm, and catalyst components produced therefrom that are capable of producing polyolefins with increased porosity.

Methods for making alpha olefin oligomers and polyalphaolefins include a step of contacting a C.sub.4 to C.sub.20 alpha olefin monomer and a catalyst system containing a metallocene, a first activator comprising a solid oxide chemically-treated with an electron withdrawing anion, and a second activator comprising an organoaluminum compound. The alpha olefin oligomers and polyalphaolefins prepared with these catalyst systems can have a high viscosity index combined with a low pour point, making them particularly useful in lubricant compositions and as viscosity modifiers.

Provided is a method for industrially producing 2-isopropenyl-5-methyl-4-hexen-1-yl 3-methyl-2-butenoate, which is, for example, a sex pheromone substance of vine mealybug. More specifically, there is provided a method for producing 2-isopropenyl-5-methyl-4-hexen-1-yl 3-methyl-2-butenoate, comprising a step of transesterifying 2-isopropenyl-5-methyl-4-hexen-1-ol represented by Formula (1) with alkyl senecioate represented by General Formula (2) in the presence of a catalyst, while distilling off an alcohol represented by General Formula (4) formed as a by-product, to obtain 2-isopropenyl-5-methyl-4-hexen-1-yl 3-methyl-2-butenoate represented by Formula (3). ##STR00001##

N.sup.2-phosphinyl amidine compounds, N.sup.2-phosphinyl amidinates, N.sup.2-phosphinyl amidine metal salt complexes, N.sup.2-phosphinyl amidinate metal salt complexes are described. Methods for making N.sup.2-phosphinyl amidine compounds, N.sup.2-phosphinyl amidinates, N.sup.2-phosphinyl amidine metal salt complexes, and N.sup.2-phosphinyl amidinate metal salt complexes are also disclosed. Catalyst systems utilizing the N.sup.2-phosphinyl amidine metal salt complexes and N.sup.2-phosphinyl amidinate metal salt complexes are also disclosed along with the use of the N.sup.2-phosphinyl amidine compounds, N.sup.2-phosphinyl amidinates, N.sup.2-phosphinyl amidine metal salt complexes, and N.sup.2-phosphinyl amidinate metal salt complexes for the oligomerization and/or polymerization of olefins.