The subject invention provides synthetic compounds, and compound complexes having catalytic activities towards oxidation or oxygenation, and/or dehydrogenation of various substrates comprising C—H bonds. The catalysts of the subject invention comprise a dinuclear Cu(I)/Cu(II) center that can convert between a resting state and a reactive species. The subject invention also provides methods of using such catalysts for the oxidation of substrates comprising C—H bonds, e.g., hydrocarbons, to synthesize chemicals for use as pharmaceuticals and industrial feedstock.

Pt-biphenyl-iodine complex and Pt-biphenyl-bromine complex, and the use thereof for catalysis of a hydroformylation reaction.

A catalyst and a method for synthesizing cyclic carbonate using the catalyst are provided. The catalyst includes a metal complex shown in formula (I): ##STR00001##
wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.4, and R.sup.5 are independently a C1-C25 alkyl group, a C1-C25 alkoxy group, a C3-C8 cycloalkyl group, a C6-C25 aryl group, a C6-C25 aryloxy group, a C7-C25 aralkyl group, a C7-C25 aralkoxy group, or halogen; R.sup.3 is hydrogen, a C1-C25 alkyl group, a C3-C8 cycloalkyl group, a C6-C25 aryl group, a C6-C25 aryloxy group, a C7-C25 aralkyl group, or a C7-C25 aralkoxy group; M is Sn or Ti; X is Cl, Br, I, or OAc; and L represents ether or furan.

The present invention concerns a catalyst system in particular a catalyst system comprising Palladium (Pd), a zwitterion and/or an acid-functionalized ionic liquid, and one or more phosphine ligands, wherein the Pd catalyst can be provided by a complex precursor, such as Pd(CH.sub.3COO).sub.2, PdCl.sub.2, Pd(CH.sub.3COCHCOCH.sub.3), Pd(CF.sub.3COO).sub.2, Pd(PPh.sub.3).sub.4 or Pd.sub.2(dibenzylideneacetone).sub.3. Such catalyst systems can be used for e.g. alkoxycarbonylation reactions, carboxylation reactions, and/or in a co-polymerization reaction, e.g. in the production of methyl propionate and/or propanoic acid, optionally in processes forming methyl methacrylate and/or methacrylic acid. Catalyst systems according to the invention are suitable for reactions forming separable product and catalyst phases and supported ionic liquid phase SILP applications.

The present invention relates to a catalyst system containing a metathesis catalyst containing at least one N-heterocyclic carbene ligand and at least one phenolic compound and to a process for performing the metathesis on nitrile rubbers for reducing their molecular weight using a metathesis catalyst containing at least one N-heterocyclic carbene ligand (NHC ligand) and at least one phenolic compound.

The invention relates to oligomerization of olefins, such as ethylene, to higher olefins, such as a mixture of 1-hexene and 1-octene, using a catalyst system that comprises a) a source of chromium b) one or more activators and c) a phosphacycle-containing ligating compound. Additionally, the invention relates to a phosphacycle-containing ligating compound and a process for making said compound.

This invention relates generally to olefin metathesis catalyst compounds, to the preparation of such compounds, compositions comprising such compounds, methods of using such compounds, articles of manufacture comprising such compounds, and the use of such compounds in the metathesis of olefins and olefin compounds. The invention has utility in the fields of catalysts, organic synthesis, polymer chemistry, and industrial and fine chemicals industry.

The invention relates to oligomerization of olefins, such as ethylene, to higher olefins, such as a mixture of 1-hexene and 1-octene, using a catalyst system that comprises a) a source of chromium b) one or more activators and c) a phosphacycle-containing ligating compound. Additionally, the invention relates to a phosphacycle-containing ligating compound and a process for making said compound.

A synthesis method and a synthesis device of cyclododecene according to the present invention have a high conversion rate of cyclododecatriene which is a reactant and a high selectivity of cyclododecene which is a required product, and even so, have an effect of significantly decreasing a reaction time. In addition, the method and the device have an excellent conversion rate of cyclododecatriene and an excellent selectivity of cyclododecene, while maintaining excellent reactivity without an organic solvent such as ethanol. Therefore, a volume of the reactor relative to an output of cyclododecene may be further decreased. Moreover, the method and the device may minimize costs for facilities and process, are practical, decrease a process time, and are industrially advantageous for mass production as compared with the conventional art.

The invention is directed to ruthenium-based metathesis catalysts of the Grubbs-Hoveyda type. The new 2-aryloxy-substituted ruthenium catalysts described herein reveal rapid initiation behavior. Further, the corresponding styrene-based precursor compounds are disclosed. The catalysts are prepared in a cross-metathesis reaction starting from styrene-based precursors which can be prepared in a cost-effective manner. The new Grubbs-Hoveyda type catalysts are suitable to catalyze ring-closing metathesis (RCM), cross metathesis (CM) and ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP). Low catalyst loadings are necessary to convert a wide range of substrates including more complex and critical substrates via metathesis reactions at low to moderate temperatures in high yields within short reaction times.